exam 3 / quiz 5

Question 1

animal characteristics (5)

Answer 1

• eukaryotic
• multicellular
• tissues that develop from embryonic germ layers
• heterotrophic predators
• single celled related protist: choanoflagellate

Question 2

proifera

Answer 2

basal taxon, aquatic, sessile(not able to move), no true tissues

Question 3

cnidaria

Answer 3

aquatic, radial symmetry = sessile (polyps, tips have nitocites) and mobile (medusa)

Question 4

deuterostomes

Answer 4

(mouth second), four features of chordates = echmoderms (urchins, sand dollars, sea stars), true regeneration and chordates (vertebrates)

Question 5

protosomes

Answer 5

(mouth first), molting = lophotrochozoan, mollusks(clams, scallops), cephalopods (squids, octopus), segmented worms and ecdysozoa, round warms + arthopods (insects/ crustaceans) <— increase genetic div.

Question 6

Animal taxonomy

Answer 6

Proifera
Cnidaria
Deuterostomes
Protosomes

Question 7

Chordates taxonomy

Answer 7

Jawless tissues
Cartilaginous fishes
Bony fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles/birds
Mammals

Question 8

jawless fishes

Answer 8

aquatic

Question 9

cartilaginous fishes

Answer 9

(sharks/rays), aquatic

Question 10

bony fishes

Answer 10

aquatic (trout, salmon, gold fish)

Question 11

amphibians

Answer 11

middle ground (frogs, toads, salamanders) aquatic –> terrestrial

Question 12

reptiles/ birds

Answer 12

(lizards , snakes, turtles, dinosaurs, alligators/crocs)

Question 13

mammals

Answer 13

amniotes that feed their young w/ milk from mammary glands

Question 14

amniotes

Answer 14

tetropods w/ an amniotic egg

Question 15

gnothosomes

Answer 15

chordates w/ jaws

Question 16

3 extent lineages of mammals

Answer 16

1. monostems - egg laying (ant-eating, platypus)
2. marsupials - pouch development (kangaroos, opossums)
3. eutherians - placentas (humans, non-human primates, other mammals)

Question 17

shared features of chordates (4)

Answer 17

1. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
2. notochord
3. post anal tail
4. pharyngeal slits/clefts

Question 18

during formation of “gut” during development

Answer 18

1st involution - mouth –> protosome
1st involution - anus –> deuterostome

Question 19

bilateral (4)

Answer 19

anterior - toward head
posterior - toward tail
dorsal - toward back
vertral- toward belly

Question 20

body symmetry (2)

Answer 20

radial symmetry - multiple plains that produce mirror images.

bilateral symmetry - one plane that produce mirror images

Question 21

Cambrian explosion = 500 mya

Answer 21

• increase in genetic diversity in animals
• increase in atmospheric oxygen
• development of “hox” gene complex
  - determines head —> tail and body formation

Question 22

embryonic germ layers (3)

Answer 22

ectoderm - nervous system
endoderm - gut
mesoderm - muscles/organs