exam 2

Question 1

cells

Answer 1

smallest living things

Question 2

tissues

Answer 2

group of cells that carry out a particular function (differentiated)

Question 3

organs

Answer 3

group of tissues that carry out a function

Question 4

parenchyma

Answer 4

majority of plant is made up of this, cell walls are evenly thick.

Question 5

collenchyma

Answer 5

cell walls uneven, not deposited evenly, gives cells more structure

Question 6

sclerenchyma

Answer 6

dead at functional maturity “lignified”, gives hard shell coating (seed coats)

Question 7

sieve tuber cells/companion cells

Answer 7

make pholem, conduct movement of sugars, keep sieve cells alive.

Question 8

type of plant cells 5

Answer 8

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, vessel elements tracheid, sieve tuber cells/ companion cells

Question 9

xylem

Answer 9

transpiration, tracheid cells (support vessel cells), h2o

Question 10

phloem

Answer 10

translocation, sieve tube cells conduct movement of sugars, alive but no organelles.
companion cell, helps keep sieve cells alive.

Question 11

3 types of plant tissue

Answer 11

all three tissues are found in every organ.
1. vascular tissue = xylem + phloem = in leaves veins.
2. dermal tissue - outermost tissue layer (waxy cuticle)
3. ground tissue - not dermal/vascular “everything else”

Question 12

3 plant organs

Answer 12

1. roots - take up h20/minerals from soil
   - symbiotic relationships ex. mycorrhizal: fungi and n2- fixing: bacteria
2. stems - photosynthesis (if green), supports leaves (if bark)
3. leaves - photosynthesis

all three connected by vascular tissue
stems and leaves connected by shoots

Question 13

two types of buds

Answer 13

axillary - gives rise to new leaves
apical - lengthen the stem/roots

Question 14

Meristem

Answer 14

undifferentiated cells that allow intermate growth (plants can grow for the rest of life)
(practice drawing)

Question 15

2 mechanisms that prevent fertilization

Answer 15

1. complete or incomplete flowers
   - complete: both m or f parts
   - heterostyly (different lengths of style)
   - incomplete: either m or f parts
   - one house- monoicous
   - diecious - separate houses
2. ”s” genes (identification marker)
   - utilized to reject pollen that is too similar to flower (female)

Question 16

major stages of the angiosperm life cycle

Answer 16

1. gametic formation
2. pollination
3. double fertilization
4. seed dev -> germination

Question 16

gametic formation

Answer 16

making gametes (female)
where? ovule
who? megasporangium (2n)
what? meiosis
result? megaspore + surviving megasporangium

making gametes (male)
where? anther
who? microsporangium (2n)
what? meiosis
result? two microspore in a pollen grain
meiosis -> microspore -> mitosis -> 2 microspores

Question 17

pollination

Answer 17

movement of pollen from one flower to another flower.

done by pollinators: biotic and abiotic
biotic - incests, birds, bats
abiotic - wind, water, no selection pressure to be pretty.

Question 18

seed dev -> germination

Answer 18

happens when condition are right, stays dormant until then.

1. imbibition - uptake of h20 into the seed via capillary action.
2. radicle (embryotic root) - emerges from seed, grows down
3. shoot tip emerges - grows up
4. embryo -> sporophyte