exam2/quiz3

Question 1

What did fungi and plants do together?

Answer 1

Made the transition to life on land together.

Question 2

Earliest plants?

Answer 2

Lacked roots/leaves
most likely mosses
fossil evidence shows that plants formed symbiotic associations w/ fungi to gain nutrients.

Question 3

Characteristics of fungi

Answer 3

eukaryotes
multicellular/single celled
cell walls made of chitlin(sugar)
heterotrophic decomposers (eat stuff thats dead)
mycelium body w/ spore producing structure

Question 4

How do fungi get nutrition?

Answer 4

Heterotrophic decomposers
ecologically important to speed up the decay of biomass.
utilize exoenzymes (speed up chemical reactions) + absorption of nutrients.

Question 5

Symbiotic relationships

Answer 5

mutualistic: mycorrhizae (plant root + fungi)
ectomycorrhizan: surrounds root
endomycorrhizal: penetrate root
plants communicate to each other + sending nutrients.

Parasitic: humans/fungi ex. yeast infections, jock itch…

Question 6

fungi reproduction

Answer 6

asexual (mitosis) = spores (n) —> germination —> new hyphae
sexual (meiosis) = (n) from two diff mycillium —-> plasmgomy —> heterokaroyotic stage —> 2n stage

Question 7

fungi taxonomy

Answer 7

Chytrids (basel) aquatic, zygomycetes (fruit/bread molds), glomeromycetes, ascomyzetes (sac fungi), basidiomycetes (club fungi)

C
Z
G
A
B

Question 8

Plants, adaptation to life on land

Answer 8

precent desiccation = “drying out”
1. sporopollenin - protein that prevents desiccation in short term (mutation)
- algae + plants
2. alteration of generations
- only in plants
- alteration between multicellular (gametophyte, n) heteromorphic haploid + diploid (sporophyte, 2n) gen.
3. protected embryophyte
- land plants are called embryophytes because of the dependency of the embryo on the parent.
- separated itself from the algae.
- growing zygote inside gametophyte.
- only in plants
4. waxy cuticle
- on upper epidermis of the leaf
- waxy + hydrophobic
5. stomata w/ guard cells
- stomata are like pores
- allow co2 in and o2 out
- guard cells determine if stomata should be open/close, control the rate of transpiration.

Question 9

transpiration

Answer 9

uni-directional movement of h20 through a plant.
- roots –> shoots (stem + leaves) via xylem (vascular tissue)

Question 10

translocation

Answer 10

bio directional movement of sugar through a plant.
- via phloem (vascular tissue)

Question 11

taxonomy of plants

Answer 11

red algar
chlorophytes
charophytes
plants

Question 12

proof of taxonomy?

Answer 12

cellulose synthesizing rings, plants + chlorophytes, flagellated sperm.

linear function of cellulose synthesis, other green algae + red algae

Question 13

plasmogamy

Answer 13

union of 2 different mycelium cytoplasm