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Biomechanics > Test Two Linear motion > Flashcards

Test Two Linear motion Flashcards

1
Q

what is linear kinematics

A

the study of description of the spatial and temporal characteristics of motion without regard to causative forces

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2
Q

what is linear motion

A

motion along an axis in which all points of the system move at the same time, same direction and same distance

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3
Q

linear motion can have what type of direction

A

rectilinear and curvilinear

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4
Q

what is linear distance traveled

A

the total length of the path traveled by the system of interest

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5
Q

what is linear displacement

A

the change in linear position of the system in a straight line

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6
Q

linear displacement is represented as

A

delat p or d

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7
Q

why is linear distance only scalar

A

it only indicates magnitude

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8
Q

what is speed

A

scalar rate of motion

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9
Q

speed is represented as

A

s

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10
Q

what are the units of velocity

A

m/s

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11
Q

what is peak rate of motion

A

maximum rate of motion achieved

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12
Q

is it possible that the system will not have the same rate of motion throughout the position change

A

yes, periods of speeding up and slowing down

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13
Q

what is acceleration

A

change in magnitude and/or direction of the velocity with respect to time

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14
Q

what is the units for acceleration

A

m/s^2

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15
Q

describe velocity when acceleration is zero

A

Vf=Vi

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16
Q

describe velocity when acceleration is positive

A

Vf > Vi

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17
Q

describe velocity when acceleration is negative

A

Vf

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18
Q

acceleration is negative is also known as

A

deacceleration

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19
Q

how can acceleration be negative

A

force and acceleration in opposite direction of object moving

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20
Q

what is average acceleration

A

rate of change in velocity divided by the entire interval over which it changed

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21
Q

what is instantaneous acceleration

A

rate of change in velocity at one specific instant in time

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22
Q

instantaneous acceleration also known as

A

peak acceleration

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23
Q

what is newton’s first law, law of inertia

A

every body remains in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon

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24
Q

if there is no linear displacement, velocity is equal to

A

zero

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25
Q

if the object is already in motion and traveling with a given velocity, there is

A

no change in that linear velocity without an externally applied force

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26
Q

if linear velocity does not change, then the system

A

does not accelerate

27
Q

what is Newton’s second law, law of acceleration

A

the alteration of motion is eve proportional to the motive force impressed, and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force is impressed

28
Q

the acceleration of the system is inversely proportional to

A

the mass of the system to which the given force is applied

29
Q

so if you have a small mass, what happens to acceleration

A

increase

30
Q

what is Newton’s third law, law of reciprocal actions

A

to every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of the two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts

31
Q

do forces exist in pairs

A

yes

32
Q

how can you have unequal reactions of equal and opposite forces

A

because of variations in mass

33
Q

what is momentum

A

a system’s quantity of motion

34
Q

the greater the quantity of motion possessed by a system, the more difficult

A

it is to stop that motion

35
Q

momentum can be gained by

A

increasing mass, increasing velocity

36
Q

how to calculate momentum

A

mass x velocity

37
Q

principle of conservation of linear momentum

A

in the absence of a net externally applied force, the total momentum of a system that comprises multiple bodies remains constant in time

38
Q

when would you use the principle of conservation of linear momentum

A

predicting the outcome of collisions

39
Q

with collision, how would that affect the principle of conservation of linear momentum

A

the total momentum of the system just BEFORE the collision equals the total momentum just AFTER collision, system is made up of two or more bodies

40
Q

what are the two general categories of collisions

A

elastic and inelastic

41
Q

what is an elastic collision

A

when two objects collide and bounce off each other

42
Q

what is an inelastic collision

A

the objects collide and stick together

43
Q

what happens to the velocity of inelastic collision

A

stuck objects will be traveling at the same velocity

44
Q

what happens to momentum and velocity of inelastic collision

A

total momentum conserved, and the velocities will change but the velocities of the objects after collision will be equal

45
Q

can collisions be categorized as elastic or inelastic

A

no

46
Q

actual result of a collision in terms of velocity change and momentum conservation depends upon

A

degree to which the objects stick together during collision, the elasticity of the objects, friction, air resistance, gravity

47
Q

what is linear impulse

A

the product of applied force and the interval of force application

48
Q

what are some characteristics of linear impluse

A

must be an applied force to accelerate a body, force must be applied for a certain time, more massive the body the more force need to be applied to accelerate it, acceleration is a change in velocity, mass and velocity represent momentum.

49
Q

if mass is constant and the velocity of the mass changes, then

A

the mass is accelerated

50
Q

what is work

A

performed when an object is displaced by the application of a force

51
Q

what is energy

A

the capacity to perform that work

52
Q

characteristics of work

A

can be positive or negative, no matter how much physical effort was involved on the part of the person, no mechanical work was performed if the object was not displaced

53
Q

what is power

A

used to express the amount of mechanical work performed in a given interval

54
Q

when is power greater

A

if same amount of work is performed in a shorter time

55
Q

what is potential energy

A

the capacity of an object to perform work because of its position, deformation, or configuration. Potential for conversion to kinetic energy

56
Q

an object possessing potential energy has the capacity to perform work but is not yet

A

in motion

57
Q

what are the two types of PE

A

gravitational and elastic

58
Q

what is gravitational PE

A

PE that an object has because of its position relative to a reference surface

59
Q

what is elastic PE

A

PE stored in a deformed object

60
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

objects in motion have the potential to perform work, energy associated with motion

61
Q

what is the law of conservation of mechanical energy

A

in the absence of externally applied forces other than gravity, the total mechanical energy of a system remains constant

62
Q

energy transfer from one system to another takes place in the form of

A

work

63
Q

what is the principle of work and energy

A

the work performed by externally applied forces other than gravity causes a change in energy of the object acted upon

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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