Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics > Test Three system as a machine > Flashcards

Test Three system as a machine Flashcards

1
Q

machine

A

an apparatus/system that uses the combined action of several parts in order to apply mechanical force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what part of the body can technically be classified as an intrinsic machine

A

joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what the three types of machines in the human body

A

lever systems, wheel and axis systems, pulley systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

machines function

A

transmit a force, increase the magnitude of a force, increase the linear distance and velocity of a force, change the direction of a force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

example of transmit force

A

tendons transmit muscle forces to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of increase the magnitude of a force

A

less effort required to move a given resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

example of increase the linear distance and velocity of a force

A

a resistance is moved a greater distance or at a faster rate than the motive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

example of change the direction of a force

A

a resistance is moved in a different direction that that of the motive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lever system

A

consists of a rigid or semi-rigid object (lever) that is capable of rotating about an axis (fulcrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

purpose of lever system

A

to transmit energy from one place to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is needed to produce the torque necessary to rotate the lever

A

fulcrum placed on axis of rotation, force must be off-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two types of torque in a lever system

A

motive torque and resistive torque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a motive torque

A

an eccentrically applied force that attempts to rotate the lever in one direction about the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a resistive torque

A

an eccentrically applied force that attempts to rotate the lever in the opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the parts needed to form a lever system

A

rigid lever, fulcrum, motive torque and resistive torque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

example of rigid lever

A

bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of fulcrum

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of motive torque

A

muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

example of resistive torque

A

weight of segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mechanical advantage

A

the relationship of the motive force to a given resistive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

example of mechanical advantage

A

the amount of one required to overcome the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what causes variation with the system of mechanical advantage

A

based on the location of the fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

as fulcrum placement changes, the relative lengths of the

A

moment arms for the motive and resistive forces varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

if fulcrum is in middle what happens with resistive or motive force

A

they dont have an advantage due to the moment arms are the same length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

if the fulcrum is moved farther away from the motive force

A

then its moment arm becomes longer and gains a mechanical advantage, gain in force production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

if the fulcrum is closer to the motive force

A

then the moment arm for the resistive force becomes longer, and the resistive force has the advantage, gain in linear distance and velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

three types of lever systems

A

first, second and third

28
Q

first class lever

A

one in which the fulcrum is between the motive and resistive force, balance two forces

29
Q

which lever system is the most versatile

A

first class

30
Q

how can the first class lever be capable of creating an advantage in force

A

the fulcrum can be moved farther from the applied motive fore

31
Q

since the resistive end travels a greater linear distance in the same time of the first class lever, the resistive end of the lever also has

A

a greater linear velocity

32
Q

the first class lever system is being used

A

to gain an advantage in linear range of motion and velocity

33
Q

final function of a machine is to

A

change the effective direction of an applied force

34
Q

second class lever system

A

the resistive force is between the fulcrum and motive force

35
Q

what are the implications of the second class lever

A

the moment arm for the motive force will always be greater than the moment arm of the resistive force

36
Q

levers of the second class are always used

A

to gain an advantage in force production

37
Q

short moment arm for resistive force in second class

A

linear distance traveled is small relative to motive end, no advantage in linear range of motion and velocity gained

38
Q

second lever, resistance is moved in the

A

same direction as the applied force, cant be used to change the effective direction of the applied force, or balance two forces

39
Q

third class lever

A

the motive force is between fulcrum and resistive force

40
Q

implications of third class lever

A

the moment arm for the motive force will always be less than the moment arm of the resistive force

41
Q

third class levers are used for

A

to gain advantage in linear range of motion and velocity

42
Q

third class lever has short moment arm for motive force so

A

a dispropotionately large motive force must be produced in order to overcome the resistive force

43
Q

the human musculoskeletal system is designed for increased

A

linear range of motion and velocity

44
Q

many musculoskeletal arrangements in the human body can be classified as

A

third class lever systems

45
Q

pulley system

A

consists of an object that acts as a wheel around which a flexible cord is pulled

46
Q

major functions of pulley systems

A

change the effective direction of the applied force, transmit forces, gain an advantage in force by changing the angle of pull for the muscle

47
Q

angle of pull

A

the angle at which the muscle force acts relative to a given axis or lever.

48
Q

wheel and axle system

A

consists of an object acting as a wheel that is secured to a smaller wheel, called the axle

49
Q

when either the wheel or axle rotates

A

the other part of the system rotates

50
Q

function of wheel and axel system

A

transmit a force, gain an advantage in force or linear range of motion and velocity

51
Q

wheel and axle system is actually a lever with

A

a tangential force applied to a moment arm that is equal to the radius of the wheel or axle

52
Q

motive force is applied where in wheel and axel system

A

outside of the wheel

53
Q

the force is eccentric in wheel and axel, what is produced

A

torque

54
Q

the large the wheel, the more

A

off-axis the force is applied

55
Q

a large wheel provides a

A

large moment arm for the applied force

56
Q

compared to the wheel, the axels radius is

A

small

57
Q

if force is applied to axel then

A

torque production is compromised

58
Q

motive force must be applied where to wheel and axle

A

wheel which provides advantage in force

59
Q

in wheel and axle, to gain an advantage in linear range of motion and velocity

A

apply the motive force to the axle

60
Q

example of wheel and axle in the musculoskeletal

A

skull and torso rotating with the spine, skull and torse wheel that rotate around axle spine

61
Q

what is static equilibrium

A

a situation in which the system is in linear and rotation equilibrium and possesses zero linear or rotational velocity

62
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

system in motion, but is experiencing no change in velocity or direction

63
Q

linear stability

A

resistance of a body to having its linear equilibrium disrupted

64
Q

rotational stability

A

the resistance of a body to having its rotational or angular equilibrium disrupted

65
Q

ways to increase rotational stability

A

keep the center of gravity in the middle of the base of support, lower the center of gravity of object, move the center of gravity to one side of the base of the support, as long as its the same side of the base on which the external force will be applied

Biomechanics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions