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History of the Church 2 > Test Two > Flashcards

Test Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Felix Manz

A

1st Anabaptist martyr; drowned

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2
Q

Dirk Willems

A
  • -imprisoned but escaped
  • -Saved guard who fell through the ice while chasing him; guard then captured him
  • -Burned at the stake
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3
Q

Michael Sattler

A
  • -Former prior of Benedictine monastery
  • -Baptized in 1526, became an Anabaptist leader
  • -Schleitheim Confession
  • -Martyred May 20th, 1527
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4
Q

Balthasar Hubmaier

A
  • -Baptized day before Easter, next day baptized 300

- -Martyred March 10, 1528

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5
Q

Melchior Hoffman

A
  • -Taught heavenly or celestial flesh of Christ
  • -Preached that Strasbourg would be site of Jesus’ return and start of millennial kingdom would happen after Hoffman was imprisoned for 6 months…he ended up being imprisoned beyond predicated second coming
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6
Q

Menno Simons

A
  • -Theology: discipline through church ban, pacifism, “celestial flesh”
  • -Followers settled in America: Mennonites
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7
Q

7 Doctrines of Schleitheim Confession

A
  • -Baptism: Voluntary; for adult believers
  • -Ban: Church Discipline
  • -Lord’s Supper: memorial, only for the baptized
  • -Separation of church and state
  • -Local church calls, supports, and disciplines pastors
  • -Christians should not be magistrates
  • -Christians should not swear an oath
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8
Q

Balthasar Hubmaier’s 18 Articles

A
  • -First reform writing
  • -Faith, not merely assent
  • -Hints at believers baptism
  • -Local church should choose and support its own pastor
  • -Denounced scholasticism
  • -Priests should be allowed to marry
  • -Lord’s Supper as memorial
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9
Q

Balthasar Hubmaier’s Concerning Heretics and Those Who Burn Them

A
  • -Advocated for universal religious freedom

- -Advocated separation of church and state

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10
Q

Balthasar Hubmaier’s On Christian Baptism of Believers

A

–Defended believer’s baptism and refuted Zwingli

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11
Q

John Calvin: Humanist to Reformer

A
  • -Exiled 1533
  • –Nicholas Cop, Calvin’s friend, elected rector of University of Paris; inaugural address included evangelical undertones with quotes from Luther and Erasmus & was forced to flee
  • –Because of his friendship with Cop and suspicions that he had co-authored address, Calvin fled Paris
  • -Probably in 1533, in Paris or in exile, Calvin became a Protestant
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12
Q

Calvin in Geneva (1536-1538)

A
  • -Calvin set out for Strasbourg to pursue academic life but detoured, intended to visit Geneva for one night, but Guillaume Farel urged him to stay
  • -Organized church in Geneva with emphasis on church discipline
  • –Reaction: election of four councilmen who opposed Reform
  • -1538, Calin and Farel were banished
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13
Q

Calvin in Strasbourg (1538-1541)

A
  • -Invited by Martin Burcer
  • -Ministered to congregation of 500 French refugees
  • -1540, married Idelette de Bure
  • -Wrote: Institutes of Christian Religion, Commentary on Romans, Reply to Sadoleto,
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14
Q

Calvin in Geneva (1541-1564)

A
  • -1541, Eccleisiatical Ordinances
  • –Fourfold ministry: pastors, doctors (teachers), elders, and deacons
  • -Church-state used to stifle opposition and heresy
  • -Libertine party opposed puritanistic reforms
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15
Q

Calvin in Control (1555-1564)

A
  • -Establish model covenant community in Geneva
  • -1559, founded Geneva Academy
  • -Influenced Reformation throughout Europe
  • –Calvinism became widespread form of Reformation
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16
Q

Institutes of Christian Religion

A
  • -First edition: 1536; Last edition: 1559
  • -Elementary textbook for Christian faith
  • -Dedicated to Francis I as apology for evangelicals who were being persecuted
  • -Apostle’s Creed provided outline
  • -First edition small enough to fit in pocket
17
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Doctrine of God

A
  • -All other tenets flow from belief that God is sovereign
  • -There is no such thing as accident or chance: God is in control and causes all things
  • -God is not required to explain anything
18
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Church

A
  • -Marks of true church: Sound doctrine, Right administration of sacraments, Right administration of discipline
  • -Church government: Presbyterian (representative)
  • -Fourfold ministry: pastor, teacher, elder, deacon
  • -Church was viewed as means of grace
19
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Emphasis on OT

A
  • -Church is analogous to OT Israel
  • -Therefore, God’s pattern of dealing with Israel is the way God directs the church
  • -Model for theocracy in Geneva
20
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Baptism

A
  • -Like Luther, affirmed that infants have faith
  • -Like Zwingli, held that under New Covenant, infant baptism is analogous to circumcision
  • -Rejected Anabaptist insistence on believer’s baptism
21
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Lord’s Supper

A
  • -With Zwingli, emphasized Lord’s Supper as Eucharist: thanksgiving, remembrance, confession of one’s faith in atoning work of Christ
  • -Rejected Luther’s corporal presence
  • -Preferred spiritual presence where participant receives Christ “truly and effectually in Lord’s Supper.”
22
Q

Calvin’s Theology: Predestination

A
  • -Augustine’s influence
  • -Double Predestination
  • –Every person has been elected by God to either salvation or damnation
  • –Not based merely on God’s foreknowledge but on God’s sovereign will
  • -Foreknowledge vs. Foreordination
  • –Election is not based upon any condition other than will or sovereignty of God
  • –Foreordination is not based on foreknowledge
23
Q

William Tyndale

A
  • -Desired to translate the Bible into English from Hebrew and Greek
  • -Sailed for Germany, completed the NT, he smuggled 6,000 into England
  • -Began OT translation but was betrayed and executed
24
Q

Miles Converdale

A
  • -Completed Tyndale’s translation of OT
  • -1535, published first complete English Bible
  • -1536, printed in England under king’s license
25
Q

Great Bible

A
  • -1539
  • -Henry VIII approved Matthew Bible, known as Great Bible because of its size
  • -He ordered the Great Bible to be placed in every parish church and chained down.
  • -Succeed by Bishop’s Bible 1568
26
Q

Geneva Bible

A
  • -1560
  • -Translated by English Puritans who sought refuge in Geneva, Switzerland from the persecutions of their Catholic monarch, Mary Tudor.
27
Q

Henry VIII

A
  • Opposition to Luther earned him title: “Defender of the Faith”
  • But when Pope denied him divorce, he split from Catholic Church and formed Church of England
28
Q

Edward VI

A
  • Became king at 9
  • Protestant reform advanced under Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Introduced Book of Common Prayer
  • Catholicism made illegal
29
Q

Mary Tudor

A
  • Reformed England to Catholicism
  • “Bloody Mary” many exiles fled to Geneva
  • Executed over 300 Protestants and Anabaptists
  • Including” Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, and Hugh Latimer (the last two executed in front of Cranmer)
30
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  • Returned England to Protestantism
  • Balance between Catholics and Protestants via media
  • Anglican Church: Catholic rituals, Protestant theology
31
Q

Act of Supremacy

A
  • King is head of Anglican Church

- Anglican Church sanctions Henry’s divorce and remarriage

32
Q

Elizabethan Settlement

A
  • Act of Supremacy: Monarch declared head of church, Bishops declared supreme authority in diocese
  • Act of Uniformity: All citizens required to attend parish church and worship only according to Book of Common Prayer
33
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A

-Combined original, Anglican liturgy with Lutheran, Catholic, and Reformed themes

34
Q

39 Articles

A
  • Based on Cranmer’s 42 articles; reflects Reformed viewpoints
  • Theological foundation Anglican Church
35
Q

Dissenting Groups: Catholics

A
  • Anglo-Catholics: remained in Anglican Church but preferred only Catholic views in Prayer Book
  • Recusants: Refused to abide by the Prayer Book and held illegal worship services using Catholic liturgy
36
Q

Dissenting Groups: Puritans

A
  • Wanted theology, worship, and polity of Anglican Church to follow Reformed patterns
  • Advocated purification and reform but remained within Anglican Church
  • Majority favored rule by presbytery
  • Accepted Prayer Book but conducted worship as “church within the church”
37
Q

Dissenting Groups: Separatists

A
  • Started meeting during Mary and began organizing under Elizabeth
  • Founded by Robert Browne; called “Brownists”
  • Rejected state established Anglican Church; called for separation of true church–gathering of professing believers joined together by covenant
  • Held illegal meetings and rejected use of Prayer Book
  • Calvinist on predestination
  • Most retained infant baptism as sign of covenant
  • Congregational polity
  • –No governance from outside congregation
  • –Each congregation decides matters of faith and order
  • –Each congregation calls, ordains, and supervises ministers and church discipline
  • Out of separatist movement came Congregationalists and Baptists
38
Q

Dissenting Groups: Presbyterians

A
  • Used Book of Discipline
  • Linked 12 congregations to form a presbytery
  • When in power, Presbyterians used magistrate to suppress dissent
  • Westminster confession adopted as doctrinal expression of the church
39
Q

Results of persecution of dissent in England

A
  • Weeded out nominal Dissenters; purified and strengthened them spiritually; gave them strong witness
  • Forced Dissenters to cooperate with each other, to share ministers and other resources stretched by fines and imprisonments
  • Dissent made Baptists more respectable and gave them a closer affinity with Presbyterians, Congregationalists
  • Weakened Dissenters by draining their resources over long period
  • Made some Dissenters more resolved to continue struggle for freedom of religious conscience
  • Constantly trying to prove loyalty to the king
  • Fortress mentality

History of the Church 2 (6 decks)

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