Test Two Flashcards
1
Q
Felix Manz
A
1st Anabaptist martyr; drowned
2
Q
Dirk Willems
A
- -imprisoned but escaped
- -Saved guard who fell through the ice while chasing him; guard then captured him
- -Burned at the stake
3
Q
Michael Sattler
A
- -Former prior of Benedictine monastery
- -Baptized in 1526, became an Anabaptist leader
- -Schleitheim Confession
- -Martyred May 20th, 1527
4
Q
Balthasar Hubmaier
A
- -Baptized day before Easter, next day baptized 300
- -Martyred March 10, 1528
5
Q
Melchior Hoffman
A
- -Taught heavenly or celestial flesh of Christ
- -Preached that Strasbourg would be site of Jesus’ return and start of millennial kingdom would happen after Hoffman was imprisoned for 6 months…he ended up being imprisoned beyond predicated second coming
6
Q
Menno Simons
A
- -Theology: discipline through church ban, pacifism, “celestial flesh”
- -Followers settled in America: Mennonites
7
Q
7 Doctrines of Schleitheim Confession
A
- -Baptism: Voluntary; for adult believers
- -Ban: Church Discipline
- -Lord’s Supper: memorial, only for the baptized
- -Separation of church and state
- -Local church calls, supports, and disciplines pastors
- -Christians should not be magistrates
- -Christians should not swear an oath
8
Q
Balthasar Hubmaier’s 18 Articles
A
- -First reform writing
- -Faith, not merely assent
- -Hints at believers baptism
- -Local church should choose and support its own pastor
- -Denounced scholasticism
- -Priests should be allowed to marry
- -Lord’s Supper as memorial
9
Q
Balthasar Hubmaier’s Concerning Heretics and Those Who Burn Them
A
- -Advocated for universal religious freedom
- -Advocated separation of church and state
10
Q
Balthasar Hubmaier’s On Christian Baptism of Believers
A
–Defended believer’s baptism and refuted Zwingli
11
Q
John Calvin: Humanist to Reformer
A
- -Exiled 1533
- –Nicholas Cop, Calvin’s friend, elected rector of University of Paris; inaugural address included evangelical undertones with quotes from Luther and Erasmus & was forced to flee
- –Because of his friendship with Cop and suspicions that he had co-authored address, Calvin fled Paris
- -Probably in 1533, in Paris or in exile, Calvin became a Protestant
12
Q
Calvin in Geneva (1536-1538)
A
- -Calvin set out for Strasbourg to pursue academic life but detoured, intended to visit Geneva for one night, but Guillaume Farel urged him to stay
- -Organized church in Geneva with emphasis on church discipline
- –Reaction: election of four councilmen who opposed Reform
- -1538, Calin and Farel were banished
13
Q
Calvin in Strasbourg (1538-1541)
A
- -Invited by Martin Burcer
- -Ministered to congregation of 500 French refugees
- -1540, married Idelette de Bure
- -Wrote: Institutes of Christian Religion, Commentary on Romans, Reply to Sadoleto,
14
Q
Calvin in Geneva (1541-1564)
A
- -1541, Eccleisiatical Ordinances
- –Fourfold ministry: pastors, doctors (teachers), elders, and deacons
- -Church-state used to stifle opposition and heresy
- -Libertine party opposed puritanistic reforms
15
Q
Calvin in Control (1555-1564)
A
- -Establish model covenant community in Geneva
- -1559, founded Geneva Academy
- -Influenced Reformation throughout Europe
- –Calvinism became widespread form of Reformation
16
Q
Institutes of Christian Religion
A
- -First edition: 1536; Last edition: 1559
- -Elementary textbook for Christian faith
- -Dedicated to Francis I as apology for evangelicals who were being persecuted
- -Apostle’s Creed provided outline
- -First edition small enough to fit in pocket
17
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Doctrine of God
A
- -All other tenets flow from belief that God is sovereign
- -There is no such thing as accident or chance: God is in control and causes all things
- -God is not required to explain anything
18
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Church
A
- -Marks of true church: Sound doctrine, Right administration of sacraments, Right administration of discipline
- -Church government: Presbyterian (representative)
- -Fourfold ministry: pastor, teacher, elder, deacon
- -Church was viewed as means of grace
19
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Emphasis on OT
A
- -Church is analogous to OT Israel
- -Therefore, God’s pattern of dealing with Israel is the way God directs the church
- -Model for theocracy in Geneva
20
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Baptism
A
- -Like Luther, affirmed that infants have faith
- -Like Zwingli, held that under New Covenant, infant baptism is analogous to circumcision
- -Rejected Anabaptist insistence on believer’s baptism
21
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Lord’s Supper
A
- -With Zwingli, emphasized Lord’s Supper as Eucharist: thanksgiving, remembrance, confession of one’s faith in atoning work of Christ
- -Rejected Luther’s corporal presence
- -Preferred spiritual presence where participant receives Christ “truly and effectually in Lord’s Supper.”
22
Q
Calvin’s Theology: Predestination
A
- -Augustine’s influence
- -Double Predestination
- –Every person has been elected by God to either salvation or damnation
- –Not based merely on God’s foreknowledge but on God’s sovereign will
- -Foreknowledge vs. Foreordination
- –Election is not based upon any condition other than will or sovereignty of God
- –Foreordination is not based on foreknowledge
23
Q
William Tyndale
A
- -Desired to translate the Bible into English from Hebrew and Greek
- -Sailed for Germany, completed the NT, he smuggled 6,000 into England
- -Began OT translation but was betrayed and executed
24
Q
Miles Converdale
A
- -Completed Tyndale’s translation of OT
- -1535, published first complete English Bible
- -1536, printed in England under king’s license
25
Great Bible
- -1539
- -Henry VIII approved Matthew Bible, known as Great Bible because of its size
- -He ordered the Great Bible to be placed in every parish church and chained down.
- -Succeed by Bishop’s Bible 1568
26
Geneva Bible
- -1560
- -Translated by English Puritans who sought refuge in Geneva, Switzerland from the persecutions of their Catholic monarch, Mary Tudor.
27
Henry VIII
- Opposition to Luther earned him title: "Defender of the Faith"
- But when Pope denied him divorce, he split from Catholic Church and formed Church of England
28
Edward VI
- Became king at 9
- Protestant reform advanced under Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Introduced Book of Common Prayer
- Catholicism made illegal
29
Mary Tudor
- Reformed England to Catholicism
- "Bloody Mary" many exiles fled to Geneva
- Executed over 300 Protestants and Anabaptists
- Including" Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, and Hugh Latimer (the last two executed in front of Cranmer)
30
Elizabeth I
- Returned England to Protestantism
- Balance between Catholics and Protestants via media
- Anglican Church: Catholic rituals, Protestant theology
31
Act of Supremacy
- King is head of Anglican Church
| - Anglican Church sanctions Henry's divorce and remarriage
32
Elizabethan Settlement
- Act of Supremacy: Monarch declared head of church, Bishops declared supreme authority in diocese
- Act of Uniformity: All citizens required to attend parish church and worship only according to Book of Common Prayer
33
Book of Common Prayer
-Combined original, Anglican liturgy with Lutheran, Catholic, and Reformed themes
34
39 Articles
- Based on Cranmer's 42 articles; reflects Reformed viewpoints
- Theological foundation Anglican Church
35
Dissenting Groups: Catholics
- Anglo-Catholics: remained in Anglican Church but preferred only Catholic views in Prayer Book
- Recusants: Refused to abide by the Prayer Book and held illegal worship services using Catholic liturgy
36
Dissenting Groups: Puritans
- Wanted theology, worship, and polity of Anglican Church to follow Reformed patterns
- Advocated purification and reform but remained within Anglican Church
- Majority favored rule by presbytery
- Accepted Prayer Book but conducted worship as "church within the church"
37
Dissenting Groups: Separatists
- Started meeting during Mary and began organizing under Elizabeth
- Founded by Robert Browne; called “Brownists”
- Rejected state established Anglican Church; called for separation of true church--gathering of professing believers joined together by covenant
- Held illegal meetings and rejected use of Prayer Book
- Calvinist on predestination
- Most retained infant baptism as sign of covenant
- Congregational polity
- --No governance from outside congregation
- --Each congregation decides matters of faith and order
- --Each congregation calls, ordains, and supervises ministers and church discipline
- Out of separatist movement came Congregationalists and Baptists
38
Dissenting Groups: Presbyterians
- Used Book of Discipline
- Linked 12 congregations to form a presbytery
- When in power, Presbyterians used magistrate to suppress dissent
- Westminster confession adopted as doctrinal expression of the church
39
Results of persecution of dissent in England
- Weeded out nominal Dissenters; purified and strengthened them spiritually; gave them strong witness
- Forced Dissenters to cooperate with each other, to share ministers and other resources stretched by fines and imprisonments
- Dissent made Baptists more respectable and gave them a closer affinity with Presbyterians, Congregationalists
- Weakened Dissenters by draining their resources over long period
- Made some Dissenters more resolved to continue struggle for freedom of religious conscience
- Constantly trying to prove loyalty to the king
- Fortress mentality
