Test Four

Question 1

Rationalism

Answer 1

• Keyword: Reason

- Descartes: Father of Modern Philosophy, “I Think, Therefore I Am”

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

• Keyword: Experience

- Definition: All knowledge is derived from sensory experience

Question 3

Locke (Empiricism)

Answer 3

Three levels of experience provided certain knowledge

• Our own selves
• Our experience of environment
• God, who existence is proven by existence of self and its experience

Question 4

Hume (Empiricism)

Answer 4

Used reason to show limits of reason

Question 5

Deism

Answer 5

• Keywords: Impersonal God
• Cherbury: Father of English Deism, Wrote “On Truth”
• Thomas Paine: “I believe in one God and no more”

Question 6

Romanticism

Answer 6

• Keyword: Return to Nature

- Rousseau: Frenchman; reacted against Calvinism and its teachings on depravity and original sin; leader of Romanticism

Question 7

Rational Idealism

Answer 7

• Keyword: subjectivity
• Kant: “There is no such thing as knowledge. All we can know is the thing as our mind grasps it, but not what the thing really is” (Blind men and elephant)

Question 8

Pietism (Definition)

Answer 8

• “Better a live heresy than a dead orthodoxy”
• Authentic Christian faith is genuine experience of inward transformation by God’s Spirit
• Right experience and right living leads to right believing

Question 9

Hallmarks of Pietism

Answer 9

• Inward, experiential Christianity
• Tolerant, irenic Christianity
• Visible Christianity
• Active Christianity: Authentic Christianity should make a difference in society

Question 10

Spener

Answer 10

• Became “heart Christian” who believed that the Reformation needed to be completed in church life and theology
• Founded Collegia Pietatis (pious gatherings), small groups that met in homes and churches for prayer and Bible Study

Question 11

Pia Desideria

Answer 11

• Written by Spener
• “Pious Desires”
• Preaching from entire Bible and small groups
• Priesthood of all believers
• Experience is more important than knowledge

Question 12

Francke

Answer 12

• Before preaching a sermon, recognized that he had “head knowledge” but no “heart experience;” experienced dramatic conversion
• Helped found University of Halle in 1690

Question 13

Count Zinzendorf

Answer 13

• Studied under Francke at Halle
• Renamed his estate Herrnhut (The Lord’s Watch)
• In 1727 sheltered persecuted members of Unity of the Brethren, spiritual descendants of John Huss, also called “Moravians”

Question 14

Moravians

Answer 14

• Spiritual descendants of John Huss
• Love feasts, song services and hymn singing, Easter sunrise services, Foot-washing ceremonies
• Insisted on radical conversion experiences for full membership
• Obsessed with love for wounds of Jesus
• Sent out many missionaries

Question 15

Charles Wesley

Answer 15

• Converted after reading Luther’s preface to Galatians
• Composed over 6,000 hymns
• More sedate, Arminian, Loyal to Church of England and continued to take communion there

Question 16

George Whitefield

Answer 16

• At Oxford with John and Charles Wesley
• Conducted multiple preaching tours in US
• More fiery, Calvinist, in 1843 formed Calvinistic Methodist Church

Question 17

Wesleyan Theology

Answer 17

• Evangelical Arminianism
• Christian perfectionism through entire sanctification
• Wesleyan Quadrilateral
• –4 essential sources and tools of theology: Scripture, Reason, Tradition, and Experience

Question 18

Asbury and Coke

Answer 18

• In 1771 Wesley sent Francis Asbury to America
• In 1784, Wesley ordained 2 lay preachers as priest and Thomas Coke as superintendent and sent them to America; instructed Coke to ordain Asbury as superintendent
• Both referred to themselves as bishops

Question 19

Methodist Episcopal Church of America

Answer 19

-Organized by Asbury and Coke in 1784

Question 20

Puritan Heritage

Answer 20

• Early Puritans put a stress on relating an experience of conversion as prerequisite to full church membership
• Only men who were in full communion with the church had a role in the colonies public life and could vote

Question 21

Massachusetts/New England

Answer 21

-English Separatists/Puritans (Mayflower)

Question 22

Rhode Island

Answer 22

-Baptists

Question 23

Virginia/Jamestown

Answer 23

-Anglican

Question 24

Maryland

Answer 24

-Catholics

Question 25

New York

Answer 25

Dutch Reformed

Question 26

Pennsylvania

Answer 26

Quakers

Question 27

Half-way covenant

Answer 27

Instituted in 1662 so that children of second generation Puritans could bring their children for baptism and half-way membership

Question 28

Roger Williams

Answer 28

- Mission to Indians - First Baptist church in America - Stand for religious liberty - Separation of church from state

Question 29

Bloody Tenent of Persecution

Answer 29

- By Roger Williams - Published in 1644 - Plea for religious liberty with examples of persecution

Question 30

Distinctives of Early American Christianity

Answer 30

- English Culture - Protestant - Diverse - Greater dependence of laity - Separation of Church and State - Denominationalism - Expectant Vision - Large, unchurched populations

Question 31

Stoddard

Answer 31

- Not concerned about style | - Credited with beginning the first era of active evangelism in America

Question 32

Frelinghuysen

Answer 32

- Blunt preaching and withholding Lord's Supper led to much opposition - Conversions ended opposition - In 1726, personal counseling in homes sparked revival

Question 33

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 33

- "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" | - Characteristic of Great Awakening was sense of personal sin and repentance from that sin

Question 34

Whitefield

Answer 34

- In England, frequently preached to thousands, but often pulpits were closed to him, so he preached in open fields - Extemporaneous, dramatic sermons