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History of the Church 2 > Test Five > Flashcards

Test Five Flashcards

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1
Q

Backus (North)

A
  • New Light Congregationalist who became Baptist
  • Responded to the 1st attempt of the Massachusetts Constitution with Government and Liberty because it did not address religious liberty
  • Replied to the 2nd attempt with An Appeal to the People arguing that civil magistrate should not have authority in religious matters
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2
Q

Leland (South)

A
  • Primary Baptist spokesman in the South for religious liberty
  • Moderate Calvinist
  • Wrote The Rights of Conscience Inalienable arguing against establishment of religion and government restrictions on religion
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3
Q

Loyalists

A

Anglican Clergy

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4
Q

Patriots

A

-Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Jews, Anglican Laity

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5
Q

Pacifists

A

-Mennonites, Moravians, Quakers

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6
Q

Congregationalist Churches

A
  • Established Congregationalist: MA, CT, NH

- Religious tax resistance and confiscation of property

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7
Q

Anglican Churches

A
  • Established Anglican: VA, SC, NC, GA, MD, NY

- Arrests and imprisonments for unlicensed preaching

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8
Q

James McGready

A
  • Influenced by college revivals; carried the spirit of revival to Kentucky
  • 1800, organized first camp meeting at Red River
  • Revival spread in Kentucky and reached zenith under Barton Stone
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9
Q

Camp Meetings

A
  • Attractive to isolated, transient society
  • Several sermons and spontaneous exhortations delivered simultaneously
  • Emotional and ecstatic “exercises”
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10
Q

Timothy Dwight

A
  • President of Yale, grandson of Jonathan Edwards
  • In 1802, preached against free-thinking and for godliness in chapel
  • Sparked a revival at Yale and other schools
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11
Q

Lyman Beecher

A
  • Revivalist produced by the Awakening in the East
  • Organizer and promoter
  • Presbyterian pastor in Ohio
  • Father of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher
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12
Q

Nathaniel Taylor

A
  • Revivalist produced by the Awakening in the East
  • Theologian
  • Congregationalist professor at Yale
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13
Q

Charles Finney

A
  • Father of Modern Revivalism
  • —Criticized for using “methods” for revival
  • —“Revival is the right use of correct methods”
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14
Q

New Measures

A
  • Door-to-door visitation
  • Used women to testify, pray, and lead in services
  • Direct appeal (invitations)
  • Used “anxious bench” where those under conviction sat during the drama of conversion
  • “Protracted meetings”: camp meetings brought to town and conducted indoors
  • Established training institutes for new converts
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15
Q

Voluntary Societies

A
  • Gathering of individuals, who did not wait for official ecclesiastical organization or endorsement, to focus quick, concerted action and to recruit from a broad base in order to accomplish a single purpose (such as missionary or educational enterprise)
  • Members of Protestant denominations became more aware of their similarities and common purposes
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16
Q

Results of Second Great Awakening

A
  • Led to schisms between “New School” and “Old School” Presbyterians
  • Revivals became main evangelistic tool
  • Greater churched population
  • Greater missionary activity, home and foreign
  • Greater interest in social issues, such as slavery, temperance, and women’s suffrage
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17
Q

Third Awakening

A
  • 1857, in NYC, Jeremiah Lanphier began prayer meeting–just before financial crisis
  • 10,000 people in NYC alone gathered daily–even left work–to pray
  • Prayer meetings took place all over the country
  • During this time conversions were reported to be 50,000 weekly
  • The hallmark was prayer
18
Q

Barton Stone

A
  • In 1804, with other Presbyterians built on cooperation with Methodists during camp meeting to create “Christian Church”
  • Emphasized need to restore primitive, New Testament Church
19
Q

Thomas Campbell

A
  • Desired to see joint communion service in Pennsylvania

- Issued “Declaration and Address” calling for restoration of original New Testament Christianity

20
Q

Alexander Campbell

A
  • Son of Thomas Campbell
  • Baptist convert from 1813-1817 and led anti-missions movement
  • 1827, left Baptists and advocated no denomination, only “Christian” church
  • Drew away thousands of Baptists, especially in Kentucky and Tennessee
21
Q

Church of Christ

A
  • Nondenominational church
  • Believed that they were the only true church
  • Baptismal regeneration
  • Lord’s Supper every Sunday
  • Anti-missions
  • Biblicist: no instrumental music; no doctrinal confessions
  • Very legalistic; almost works salvation
  • Falling from grace
  • In 1906, split into two denominations
22
Q

William Miller

A
  • Predicted Christ’s return
  • Thousands of followers sold possession and left employment to wait for Christ’s return
  • Failure of Miller’s prophecies discredited him and his movement
23
Q

Ellen Gould White

A
  • Methodist from Main with only 3rd grade education
  • Joined Miller’s movement in 1840’s
  • Said Advent was prevented by failure to observe Sabbath
  • Movement was joined by Seventh-Day Baptists
24
Q

Seventh-Day Adventists

A
  • Worship on Sabbath
  • Strict dietary code according to OT
  • Accept gift of prophecy, i.e. White’s teachings
  • Free will
  • Believer’s baptism by immersion
  • Communion four times per year
  • Avoid worldly entertainment
  • Consider themselves true remnant
  • Soul sleep
  • Operate private schools, universities, and hospitals
25
Q

Joseph Smith

A
  • Founder of Mormonism
  • 1820 saw vision Angel Moroni revealed that divine scripture was buried nearby; 1827, Moroni revealed location of golden tablets and translating spectacles
  • 1827, Smith translated from “Reformed Egyptian”–result is Book of Mormon
  • 1830, began “Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints” with 5 friends
  • Smith and his brother Hiram were arrested and ultimately killed in skirmish. Their deaths were considered martyrdom and made Mormons more committed to their cause.
26
Q

Brigham Young

A
  • 1832 joined Mormons
  • 1826, led Mormons to Great Salt Lake, Utah
  • Called in “Zion of the Wilderness”
  • 1850, Young became governor of Utah territory
  • 1870, Mormons exceeded 140,000
27
Q

Mormonism

A
  • Storyline: Two tribes, descended from lost tribes of Israel, emigrated to America: Lamanites (Native Americans) apostatized and defeated Nephites, killing all except Mormon and his son Moroni; Mormon buried scripture at Cumorah Hill
  • Doctrine of eternal progression
  • Spiritual progress is based on human choices
  • Polytheism: Adam was seen as “God of this earth”
  • Elaborate temple ceremonies, resembling Masonic ceremonies
  • Mormonism is only one of these non-Christian groups to compete with Christianity today
28
Q

Unitarians

A
  • Emphasis on unity or oneness of God

- Leaders: Charles Chauncey, W.E. Channing, Thomas Jefferson

29
Q

Universalists

A
  • Everyone is saved or will be eventually

- 1961, Unitarians and Universalists merged: Unitarian Universalist Association

30
Q

Shakers

A
  • Ann Lee
  • Tenets: Equality of men and women, community of property, withdrawal from world, pacifism, open confession, worship expressed in dance and march
31
Q

Oneida Community

A
  • John Humphrey Noyes
  • Said conversion brought sinlessness
  • Complex marriage: every woman was wife to every man
32
Q

Spiritualist

A
  • Maggie and Katie Fox
  • Produced “rappings” by popping toe joints, which some took to be signs of communication with spirits
  • Began seances, exposed as a hoax but many still followed.
33
Q

William Carey

A
  • British Baptist Missionary
  • Wrote An Enquiry
  • —First textbook on missiology, advocating the use of means to evangelize people in other countries
34
Q

Burma

A

Adoniram Judson

35
Q

David George

A
  • Pioneer among Baptists in Maritime provinces of Canada
  • 1781, Great Britain established Sierra Leone as a refuge for former slaves
  • George led a group of Baptists from Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone in 1792
36
Q

George Lisle

A
  • Born a slave to a white, Baptist deacon
  • 1775, first ordained African-American Baptist preacher in America
  • 1782, he left Georgia for Jamaica with several Baptists and formed a church there
37
Q

Lott Cary

A
  • In 1815, African Baptist Missionary Society formed in Richmond, VA
  • In 1821, sent Lott Cary and Collin Teague to Africa
  • Cary founded Liberia
38
Q

Robert Morrison

A
  • First Protestant missionary in China

- Translated Bible into Chinese

39
Q

Hudson Taylor

A
  • Pioneer of the “faith mission” movement

- Established churches that were: self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating

40
Q

David Livingstone

A

-Explorer, missionary (in Africa), physician, abolitionist

History of the Church 2 (6 decks)

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