Test Five Flashcards
1
Q
Backus (North)
A
- New Light Congregationalist who became Baptist
- Responded to the 1st attempt of the Massachusetts Constitution with Government and Liberty because it did not address religious liberty
- Replied to the 2nd attempt with An Appeal to the People arguing that civil magistrate should not have authority in religious matters
2
Q
Leland (South)
A
- Primary Baptist spokesman in the South for religious liberty
- Moderate Calvinist
- Wrote The Rights of Conscience Inalienable arguing against establishment of religion and government restrictions on religion
3
Q
Loyalists
A
Anglican Clergy
4
Q
Patriots
A
-Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Jews, Anglican Laity
5
Q
Pacifists
A
-Mennonites, Moravians, Quakers
6
Q
Congregationalist Churches
A
- Established Congregationalist: MA, CT, NH
- Religious tax resistance and confiscation of property
7
Q
Anglican Churches
A
- Established Anglican: VA, SC, NC, GA, MD, NY
- Arrests and imprisonments for unlicensed preaching
8
Q
James McGready
A
- Influenced by college revivals; carried the spirit of revival to Kentucky
- 1800, organized first camp meeting at Red River
- Revival spread in Kentucky and reached zenith under Barton Stone
9
Q
Camp Meetings
A
- Attractive to isolated, transient society
- Several sermons and spontaneous exhortations delivered simultaneously
- Emotional and ecstatic “exercises”
10
Q
Timothy Dwight
A
- President of Yale, grandson of Jonathan Edwards
- In 1802, preached against free-thinking and for godliness in chapel
- Sparked a revival at Yale and other schools
11
Q
Lyman Beecher
A
- Revivalist produced by the Awakening in the East
- Organizer and promoter
- Presbyterian pastor in Ohio
- Father of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher
12
Q
Nathaniel Taylor
A
- Revivalist produced by the Awakening in the East
- Theologian
- Congregationalist professor at Yale
13
Q
Charles Finney
A
- Father of Modern Revivalism
- —Criticized for using “methods” for revival
- —“Revival is the right use of correct methods”
14
Q
New Measures
A
- Door-to-door visitation
- Used women to testify, pray, and lead in services
- Direct appeal (invitations)
- Used “anxious bench” where those under conviction sat during the drama of conversion
- “Protracted meetings”: camp meetings brought to town and conducted indoors
- Established training institutes for new converts
15
Q
Voluntary Societies
A
- Gathering of individuals, who did not wait for official ecclesiastical organization or endorsement, to focus quick, concerted action and to recruit from a broad base in order to accomplish a single purpose (such as missionary or educational enterprise)
- Members of Protestant denominations became more aware of their similarities and common purposes
16
Q
Results of Second Great Awakening
A
- Led to schisms between “New School” and “Old School” Presbyterians
- Revivals became main evangelistic tool
- Greater churched population
- Greater missionary activity, home and foreign
- Greater interest in social issues, such as slavery, temperance, and women’s suffrage
17
Q
Third Awakening
A
- 1857, in NYC, Jeremiah Lanphier began prayer meeting–just before financial crisis
- 10,000 people in NYC alone gathered daily–even left work–to pray
- Prayer meetings took place all over the country
- During this time conversions were reported to be 50,000 weekly
- The hallmark was prayer
18
Q
Barton Stone
A
- In 1804, with other Presbyterians built on cooperation with Methodists during camp meeting to create “Christian Church”
- Emphasized need to restore primitive, New Testament Church
19
Q
Thomas Campbell
A
- Desired to see joint communion service in Pennsylvania
- Issued “Declaration and Address” calling for restoration of original New Testament Christianity
20
Q
Alexander Campbell
A
- Son of Thomas Campbell
- Baptist convert from 1813-1817 and led anti-missions movement
- 1827, left Baptists and advocated no denomination, only “Christian” church
- Drew away thousands of Baptists, especially in Kentucky and Tennessee
21
Q
Church of Christ
A
- Nondenominational church
- Believed that they were the only true church
- Baptismal regeneration
- Lord’s Supper every Sunday
- Anti-missions
- Biblicist: no instrumental music; no doctrinal confessions
- Very legalistic; almost works salvation
- Falling from grace
- In 1906, split into two denominations
22
Q
William Miller
A
- Predicted Christ’s return
- Thousands of followers sold possession and left employment to wait for Christ’s return
- Failure of Miller’s prophecies discredited him and his movement
23
Q
Ellen Gould White
A
- Methodist from Main with only 3rd grade education
- Joined Miller’s movement in 1840’s
- Said Advent was prevented by failure to observe Sabbath
- Movement was joined by Seventh-Day Baptists
24
Q
Seventh-Day Adventists
A
- Worship on Sabbath
- Strict dietary code according to OT
- Accept gift of prophecy, i.e. White’s teachings
- Free will
- Believer’s baptism by immersion
- Communion four times per year
- Avoid worldly entertainment
- Consider themselves true remnant
- Soul sleep
- Operate private schools, universities, and hospitals
25
Joseph Smith
- Founder of Mormonism
- 1820 saw vision Angel Moroni revealed that divine scripture was buried nearby; 1827, Moroni revealed location of golden tablets and translating spectacles
- 1827, Smith translated from “Reformed Egyptian”--result is Book of Mormon
- 1830, began “Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints” with 5 friends
- Smith and his brother Hiram were arrested and ultimately killed in skirmish. Their deaths were considered martyrdom and made Mormons more committed to their cause.
26
Brigham Young
- 1832 joined Mormons
- 1826, led Mormons to Great Salt Lake, Utah
- Called in "Zion of the Wilderness"
- 1850, Young became governor of Utah territory
- 1870, Mormons exceeded 140,000
27
Mormonism
- Storyline: Two tribes, descended from lost tribes of Israel, emigrated to America: Lamanites (Native Americans) apostatized and defeated Nephites, killing all except Mormon and his son Moroni; Mormon buried scripture at Cumorah Hill
- Doctrine of eternal progression
- Spiritual progress is based on human choices
- Polytheism: Adam was seen as “God of this earth”
- Elaborate temple ceremonies, resembling Masonic ceremonies
- Mormonism is only one of these non-Christian groups to compete with Christianity today
28
Unitarians
- Emphasis on unity or oneness of God
| - Leaders: Charles Chauncey, W.E. Channing, Thomas Jefferson
29
Universalists
- Everyone is saved or will be eventually
| - 1961, Unitarians and Universalists merged: Unitarian Universalist Association
30
Shakers
- Ann Lee
- Tenets: Equality of men and women, community of property, withdrawal from world, pacifism, open confession, worship expressed in dance and march
31
Oneida Community
- John Humphrey Noyes
- Said conversion brought sinlessness
- Complex marriage: every woman was wife to every man
32
Spiritualist
- Maggie and Katie Fox
- Produced "rappings" by popping toe joints, which some took to be signs of communication with spirits
- Began seances, exposed as a hoax but many still followed.
33
William Carey
- British Baptist Missionary
- Wrote An Enquiry
- ---First textbook on missiology, advocating the use of means to evangelize people in other countries
34
Burma
Adoniram Judson
35
David George
- Pioneer among Baptists in Maritime provinces of Canada
- 1781, Great Britain established Sierra Leone as a refuge for former slaves
- George led a group of Baptists from Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone in 1792
36
George Lisle
- Born a slave to a white, Baptist deacon
- 1775, first ordained African-American Baptist preacher in America
- 1782, he left Georgia for Jamaica with several Baptists and formed a church there
37
Lott Cary
- In 1815, African Baptist Missionary Society formed in Richmond, VA
- In 1821, sent Lott Cary and Collin Teague to Africa
- Cary founded Liberia
38
Robert Morrison
- First Protestant missionary in China
| - Translated Bible into Chinese
39
Hudson Taylor
- Pioneer of the "faith mission" movement
| - Established churches that were: self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating
40
David Livingstone
-Explorer, missionary (in Africa), physician, abolitionist
