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History of the Church 2 > Test Three > Flashcards

Test Three Flashcards

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1
Q

Patrick Hamilton

A
  • Studied at University of Paris where he became attracted the Luther’s Reformation
  • Returned to spread Lutheran views in Scotland
  • Tried for heresy, burned at stake
  • Martyrdom contributed to advancement of Protestantism among nobility
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2
Q

George Wishart

A
  • Banished from Scotland for promoting Protestantism
  • Returned to preach Gospel: preached fiery sermons in vernacular and encouraged congregational singing
  • Cardinal Beaton had him burned at the stake
  • –In retaliation Protestants assassinated Beaton and occupied St. Andrew’s Castle
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3
Q

John Knox

A
  • Traveled with Wishart as bodyguard, after Wishart’s death led movement
  • Captured at St. Andrew’s Castle and made galley slave for 19 months, freed by Edward VI
  • Went to England where he worked for Reformation, contributed to 1552 Book of Common Prayer
  • Exiled during Bloody Mary’s reign…spent exile in Geneva
  • Wrote Admonition to England, First Blast of Trumpet against Monstrous Regiment of Women
  • 1559, returned to Scotland to lead Reformation
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4
Q

Mary, Queen of Scots

A
  • Pro-France and Pro-RCC policies led to conflict with Scottish lords, abdication (1567) and regency by Protestant for her son James VI
  • Fled to England and sought protection from Elizabeth. Imprisoned for 19 years and executed for 3 attempts to assassinate Elizabeth
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5
Q

Andrew Melville

A
  • Led the Reformation after Knox’s death
  • Full Presbyterian system installed with 2nd Book of Discipline
  • Imprisoned by James (as King of England) in the Tower of London in 1606, released in 1610 and went to France
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6
Q

Scottish Confession

A

Calvinistic Doctrine document

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7
Q

Book of Discipline

A

Presbyterian polity – superintendents worked with clergy and ruling elders at local and regional levels

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8
Q

Book of Common Order

A
  • Worship and liturgy

- Psalter from Geneva used for songs

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9
Q

Geneva Bible

A
  • 1560

- Became preferred version

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10
Q

Catholic Counter-Reformation

A
  • Defined and reaffirmed medieval Roman Catholicism over against Protestant positions
  • Declared Vulgate authoritative
  • Tradition equal to Scripture
  • Defined 7 sacraments
  • Communion not necessary for laity
  • Justification based on good works done through collaboration of grace and believer
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11
Q

Virgin Mary

A
  • Symbol of the church and embodies God’s people

- Channel or instrument through whom the Incarnation of God’s Son, Jesus Christ, occurs to overcome the Fall

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12
Q

Sacramental Sacerdotalism

A
  • Stressed authority of the church

- Neo-Thomists (semi-Augustinian) and Jesuits (Semi-Pelagians) who emphasized works and obedience as a way of salvation

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13
Q

Index of Forbidden Books

A

Issued in 1559, books listed as heretical or banned by RCC

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14
Q

Teresa of Avila

A
  • Founded Discalced (Barefoot) Carmelites
  • Established after having several visions
  • Is listed as “Doctor of the Church”
  • Only woman to have established monastic orders for both men and women
  • Joined by John of the Cross
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15
Q

Jesuits

A
  • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, former soldier wounded in battle
  • Patterned after military
  • Sought to revitalize and exalt the RCC’s teachings and worship and renew missionary efforts
  • Emphasis on founding schools and training for recruits
  • Documents: Spiritual exercises and Constitutions
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16
Q

Francis Xavier

A

Worked under Portuguese colonization in India, Japan, and China

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17
Q

Matthew Ricci

A
  • Missionary to China
  • Advocated fulfillment strategy (Jesus is fulfillment of local religion) and cultural adaptation as keys to Jesuit approach to ministry
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18
Q

Council of Trent

A
  • Beginning of the modern RCC
  • Linked uniformity with orthodoxy
  • Centralized power in the papacy
  • Goals: reform the church, clarify doctrine, restore unity
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19
Q

Results of Council of Trent

A
  • Ordered bishops to live where they were assigned
  • Condemned holding several ecclesiastic offices at the same time
  • Defined clergy obligations
  • Regulated use of relics and indulgences
  • Ordered the founding of seminaries to train clergy
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20
Q

Robert Bellarmine

A
  • Led Humanist center at Gregorian College in Rome

- Wrote On the Controversies of the Christian Faith as the classic defense of Roman Catholicism vs. Protestantism

21
Q

Jansenists

A

-Catholic Dissenters

22
Q

Cornelius Jansen

A

In Belgium as the Humanist renewed Augustinian emphases on grace and particular election with Augustine’s versus Semi-Pelagian views of Jesuits

23
Q

Jansen’s Theology

A
  • Taught that sacramental grace externally worked only for those with inward personal faith
  • His views were condemned as being too close to Calvinsim
24
Q

Blaise Pascal

A
  • Scientist-Inventor
  • Dealt with problems posed by Descartes’ Enlightenment rationalist philosophy
  • In later career, identified with Jansenist cause
25
Q

Pascal’s writings

A
  • Provincial Letters
  • –Defended Jansenists against Jesuits
  • Pensees (Thoughts on Religion and Other Subjects: An Apology for the Christian Religion)
  • –Countered skeptical rationalists in this unfinished work
26
Q

Pascal’s Philosophy

A
  • Articulated Fidest position
  • Placed primacy or priority on belief one could use reason to understand the natural world, human relationships, or religious truth
  • Religious truth is not irrational but a matter of the heart and requires a personal encounter with the living God
27
Q

Schmalkaldic League

A
  • Organized 1529-1546
  • Pro-Lutheran States
  • Opposed Catholic (Pro-Hapsburg) League
28
Q

League of Nuremberg

A
  • 1539

- Organized by Catholics to counter Protestants’ advance

29
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A
  • Each civil ruler or city council (magistrates) decided what religion would be in their territory or city (cuius regio eius religio)
  • Adherents of other religious viewpoints had the right of immigration to territory where their type of church life was established or recognized–only Catholic or Evangelic (Lutheran) territorial churches allowed
  • No place for dissenting groups such as Anabaptists or Reformed Christians
30
Q

William the Silent of Orange and the Sea Beggars

A
  • Defeated the Spanish after they repressed the Evangelicals in the Netherlands
  • Beggar’s pouch became the banner of the rebellion
31
Q

Huguenots

A
  • French-Speaking Reformed Church followers of Calvin
  • 1555-Organized first congregation
  • 1562-Secured right to worship
32
Q

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

A
  • August 23, 1572
  • Massacre of Huguenots at Paris following the wedding (August 18) of Protestant Henry of Navarre to French Catholic Princess Margaret
33
Q

French Wars of Religion

A
  • 1562-1598 Civil war between Huguenots and Catholics
  • By 1629 Royal-backed Catholics conquered Huguenot cities
  • –Policy of leading political figure, Cardinal Richileu
34
Q

Dates of Thirty Years’ War

A

1618-1648

35
Q

Defenestration of Prague

A
  • 1618 revolt by Bohemian Protestants, Catholic king’s advisors were thrown from window
  • Start of Thirty Year’s War
36
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A
  • 1648
  • Religious and civil rights for Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists
  • Ruler (Magistrate) determines region’s religion
  • Division of HRE territories on religious lines of 1624
  • Western and Central Europe divided politically, religiously, and culturally…especially in Germany
  • –The North: Protestant
  • –The South: Roman Catholic
37
Q

Results and Aftermath of Wars of Religion

A
  • Principles of toleration implied by Peace of Westphalia did not indicate a deeper understanding of Christian love but a growing indifference to religious matters
  • Modern secular state began to develop
  • Doubt in dogmatics and conflicting statements of orthodoxy by Catholics and Protestants prepared way for skepticism of Age of Enlightenment
38
Q

Definition of Protestant Scholasticism

A

Systematizing Lutheran and Calvinistic theology vs. Roman Catholicism and Enlightenment philosophical theories (used Bible and Protestant creeds to establish truth)

39
Q

Characteristics of Protestant Scholasticism

A
  • Emphasis on systematic thought
  • Aristotelian deductive method used rather than humanist methods
  • Primarily a product of the schools
  • Propositional – creedal formulas define orthodoxy (i.e. a true Christian Protestant holds certain correct beliefs)
  • Stressed the authority of Scripture vs. Roman Catholic apostolic tradition claim
40
Q

Philip Melanchthon

A
  • Luther’s successor at Wittenberg
  • Agreed to the Leipzig Interim
  • –Many other Lutherans objects and claimed he had given up key teachings of Luther
  • –Distinguished between central and peripheral elements of the gospel
  • Controversies over…Justification, Synergism, and Lord’s Supper
41
Q

Martin Chemnitz

A
  • Sought to reconcile various Lutheran positions while contrasting them with Catholic and Reformed doctrine
  • Led to development of Protestant Scholasticism
42
Q

Georg Calixtus

A
  • Differentiated heresy and error
  • –Heresy: denies something essential for salvation
  • –Error: denies another element of revelation
  • Emphasized “the consensus of the first five centuries”
  • Forerunner of modern ecumenical movement
43
Q

Theodore Beza

A
  • Calvin’s successor at Geneva & biographer
  • Two eternal decrees of predestination position of Calvin upheld the sovereignty of God in salvation and eliminated man’s efforts
  • Developed limited atonement position
44
Q

Jacob Ariminius

A
  • After his death, his students issued The Remonstrance, and exposition of his views
  • Dutch Remonstrants’ position (5 points)
45
Q

Francis Gomarus

A

Debated for predestination based on God’s choice (TULIP)

46
Q

Synod of Dort

A
  • Views of Arminius (predestination based on God’s foreknowledge) and Francis Gormarus (predestination based on God’s choice) debated
  • Defined “strict” Calvinist position, commonly known as TULIP
  • Remonstrants’ views condemned (Ariminius)
  • –Life imprisonment, heavy fines imposed on Arminian adherents
  • –Official tolerance of Arminian views granted in 1631
47
Q

5 Points of Calvinism

A
  • Total Depravity
  • Unconditional Election
  • Limited (particular) Atonement or Redemption
  • Irresistible Grace
  • Perseverance of the Saints
48
Q

5 Points of Arminianism

A
  • Man’s free will can be reborn, restored, and healed by the Holy Spirit – act of faith, belief results in rebirth
  • God’s election is conditional and based on a person’s decision to believe
  • Christ’s atonement at the cross was general, for all sinners, but not all would benefit – only those who believed
  • God’s Spirit showed the truth of the Word and enabled belief but could be rejected
  • A believer can choose to fall away and reject Christ

History of the Church 2 (6 decks)

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