Test One Specific Flashcards

1
Q

Apheresis

A

ommission of sound from the beginning of a word

ex: ‘cept for except

‘cause for because

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2
Q

Syncope

A

ommision of sound from within a word.

ex:

“bizness” for buisness

“govment” for government

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3
Q

Apocope

A

Omission of sound from the end of a word

ex: gonna for going

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4
Q

VOice Assimilation

A

making a sound more like the sounds surrounding it through voicing.

ex: budder for butter

mudder for mutter

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5
Q

Place Assimilation

A

Chaning the place a sound is made

ex: grandma becomes gramma

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6
Q

Dissimilation

A

Changing a sound to make it less like those around it.

Puntit for Pundit

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7
Q

Gemination

A

Eliminating a difficult-to-pronounce sequence of sounds resulting from adding a prefix to a base by dropping the final consonant of the prefix and doubling the first letter of the base.

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8
Q

Metathesis

A

reversalof sounds within a word

prettybecome purty

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9
Q

Epenthesis

A

addition of sound within a word

athlete becomes athelete

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10
Q

Epithesis

A

addition of sound at the end of a word

across becomes acrosst

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11
Q

Gradation

A

a chenge in sound resulting form a shift in stress

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12
Q

Suprasegmental

A

are sound modifications that signal meaning other than segmental phonemes (combinations of sounds).

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13
Q

Pitch

A

The vocal Levels at which sound is produced

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14
Q

2 A Raised 2

A

represnts the level of pitch known as Rising Pitch, used when we begin to speak.

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15
Q

3A superscript 3

A

represents the level of pitch (volume) when we are at the accented syllable of the word that gets most stress in an utterance.

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16
Q

1A superscript 1

A

represents the falling away of pitch as we come to the end of a grammatical unit.

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17
Q

4Level 4

A

is rarely used except in statements of strong fear, anger, excitement, etc.

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18
Q

The Dog at the Bone

A

2The dog ate the 3bo′ne1.↓

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19
Q

After the dance, the three giggle girls went to wendy’s.

A

2After the 3dance,22the three giggling cheerleaders went to 3We′ndy’s1.↓

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20
Q

In symbolizing a intonation contour, pitch should be marked in three places:

A

At the beginning of the contour (grammatical unit)
At the beginning of the syllable bearing the primary stress
At the end of the unit before the terminal (the punctuation mark indicating closure)

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21
Q

Phonology

A

the study of units of sound

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22
Q

231

A

Used in giving commands
Used in questions that begin with a question word (Who, what, when, where, why, how, etc.)
Used in statements/declarative sentences

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23
Q

2Today is 3 Th’ursday1↓.

A

231

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24
Q

Phone

A

the smallest unit of sound

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25
Q

Phoneme

A

a sound in its variations as long as meaning does not change

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26
Q

233 (232) Pattern

A

Yes or No questions in question form

Yes or No questions in statement form

Initial grammatical units

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27
Q

Allophone

A

an insignificant variable of a poneme

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28
Q

i

A

meet

eat

week

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29
Q

Stress

A

is the emphasis (or lack of emphasis) placed on a syllable.

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30
Q

Four Levels of Stress

A

Primary stress– denoted by a ‘
Secondary stress—denoted by a ^
Tertiary (or mid) stress—denoted by a `
Unaccented syllables—denoted by a ˘

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31
Q

Primary Stress

A

a ‘

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32
Q

Secondary Stress

A

a ^

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33
Q

Tertiary (or mid) stress

A

a `

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34
Q

ɪ

A

Mitt

Invite

Pin

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35
Q

In a two-syllable noun, which syllable usually gets primary stress?

A

the first syllable

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36
Q

In a two syllable verb,, which syllable egts the primary stress?

A

the second syllable

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37
Q

Produce as a verb

A

Prod’uce

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38
Q

Produce as a noun

A

‘produce

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39
Q

Stress Patterns: Compound Nouns

A

′ `, primary stress on the first syllable and mid stress on the other major syllable.

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40
Q

Adjective- Noun

A

^ ′

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41
Q

Verb-adverb

A

^ ′

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42
Q

Gradation

A

The changing of a sound in a word when the word is spoken with different levels of stress.

I have two dogs.

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43
Q

Juncture

A

The pauses in speech (terminal or internal)

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44
Q

Terminal Juncture

A

closed juncture, coes at the end of contours

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45
Q

Internal Junction

A

Plus or Open Contours, comes withing words or between words.

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46
Q

A

This mark is used with declarative sentences, imperatives, and questions beginning with question words.

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47
Q

+

A

This mark is used with internal juncture.

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48
Q

e

A

mate

eight

locate

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49
Q

Labial

A

between the lips

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50
Q

Labialdental

A

w/ lips and teeth

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51
Q

Interdental

A

Between the teeth

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52
Q

Alevolar

A

with ridge above upper teeh

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53
Q

Alevo-Palodental

A

the area just behind the alelor ridge in the roof of the mouth

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54
Q

Velar

A

made with the tongue near thesoft palat (at the back of the roof of the mouth)

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55
Q

Glottal

A

Produced by closing the glottis

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56
Q

Stops

A

The flow of air actually stops as the sound is articulated

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57
Q

Fricatives

A

A narrow opening somehwere in the oral cavity cause air to rub its way through

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58
Q

Affricatives

A

Begin like stops (t and d) but end like fricatives (s and z)

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59
Q

Nasals

A

Made by blocking the mouth and letting the air flow through the nasal cavity

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60
Q

Liquids

A

made as air flows around the sides of the tounge (laterals)

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61
Q

Retroflex

A

made by the tounge bending back as the air flows

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62
Q

Semivowels

A

produced with unrestricted air flow like vowels, but can be followed by vowels

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63
Q

ɛ

A

met

bet

head

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64
Q

æ

A

mat

glass

at

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65
Q

ə

A

mid central

schwa

above

mother

ugly

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66
Q

a

A

southern I

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67
Q

u

A

news

toot

fruit

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68
Q

What is the difference between vowels and consonants?

A

all vowels made with unrestriced air flow, all voiced/oral, and no nasal sounds

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69
Q

ʊ

A

book

put

should

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70
Q

o

A

note

toad

goes

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71
Q

ɔ

A

daughter

awe

order

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72
Q

ɑ

A

heart

Oxford

father

73
Q

A

nice

kind

Eifel

74
Q

A

how

out

house

75
Q

ɔɪ

A

oyster

boil

toy

76
Q

p

A

stop

patter

happen

77
Q

b

A

bus

stab

flubber

78
Q

t

A

belt

table

salt

79
Q

d

A

need

dud

filled

80
Q

k

A

can

account

back

81
Q

g

A

eggs

go

gaurd

82
Q

f

A

fox

muffin

tough

83
Q

v

A

voice

waiver

above

84
Q

θ

A

thing

with

toothbrush

85
Q

ð

A

that

wither

smooth

86
Q

s

A

see

gloss

science

87
Q

z

A

zoo

fizzle

scizzors

88
Q

š

A

shoe

ocean

machine

89
Q

ž

A

vision

beige

rouge

90
Q

h

91
Q

č

A

fixture

righteous

question

chew

92
Q

ǰ

A

joke

garage

exaggerate

soldier

93
Q

m

A

morning

drum

dimmer

94
Q

n

A

now

din

know

95
Q

ŋ

A

finger

ring

mooring

donkey

96
Q

l

A

look

calmer

well

97
Q

r

A

ray

bear

rhapsody

98
Q

w

A

wish

awhile

99
Q

y

100
Q

“tt” becomes

101
Q

mat

glass

at

102
Q

mid central

schwa

above

mother

ugly

103
Q

southern I

104
Q

news

toot

fruit

105
Q

book

put

should

106
Q

note

toad

goes

107
Q

daughter

awe

order

108
Q

heart

Oxford

father

109
Q

nice

kind

Eifel

110
Q

how

out

house

111
Q

oyster

boil

toy

112
Q

stop

patter

happen

113
Q

bus

stab

flubber

114
Q

belt

table

salt

115
Q

need

dud

filled

116
Q

can

account

back

117
Q

eggs

go

gaurd

118
Q

fox

muffin

tough

119
Q

voice

waiver

above

120
Q

thing

with

toothbrush

121
Q

that

wither

smooth

122
Q

see

gloss

science

123
Q

zoo

fizzle

scizzors

124
Q

shoe

ocean

machine

125
Q

vision

beige

rouge

126
Q

hot

who

127
Q

fixture

righteous

question

chew

128
Q

joke

garage

exaggerate

soldier

129
Q

morning

drum

dimmer

130
Q

now

din

know

131
Q

finger

ring

mooring

donkey

132
Q

look

calmer

well

133
Q

ray

bear

rhapsody

134
Q

wish

awhile

135
Q

you

onion

136
Q

“nce” becomes

137
Q

“nk” becomes

138
Q

“le” becomes

139
Q

Transcribe “of”

140
Q

“-sion” becomes

141
Q

transcribe “begin”

142
Q

ommission of sound from the beginning of a word

ex: ‘cept for except

‘cause for because

143
Q

ommision of sound from within a word.

ex:

“bizness” for buisness

“govment” for government

144
Q

Omission of sound from the end of a word

ex: gonna for going

145
Q

making a sound more like the sounds surrounding it through voicing.

ex: budder for butter

mudder for mutter

A

VOice Assimilation

146
Q

Chaning the place a sound is made

ex: grandma becomes gramma

A

Place Assimilation

147
Q

Changing a sound to make it less like those around it.

Puntit for Pundit

A

Dissimilation

148
Q

reversalof sounds within a word

prettybecome purty

A

Metathesis

149
Q

addition of sound within a word

athlete becomes athelete

A

Epenthesis

150
Q

addition of sound at the end of a word

across becomes acrosst

151
Q

a chenge in sound resulting form a shift in stress

152
Q

are sound modifications that signal meaning other than segmental phonemes (combinations of sounds).

A

Suprasegmental

153
Q

The vocal Levels at which sound is produced

154
Q

the study of units of sound

155
Q

the smallest unit of sound

156
Q

a sound in its variations as long as meaning does not change

157
Q

an insignificant variable of a poneme

158
Q

is the emphasis (or lack of emphasis) placed on a syllable.

159
Q

a ‘

A

Primary Stress

160
Q

a ^

A

Secondary Stress

161
Q

a `

A

Tertiary (or mid) stress

162
Q

The changing of a sound in a word when the word is spoken with different levels of stress.

I have two dogs.

163
Q

The pauses in speech (terminal or internal)

164
Q

closed juncture, coes at the end of contours

A

Terminal Juncture

165
Q

Plus or Open Contours, comes withing words or between words.

A

Internal Junction

166
Q

between the lips

167
Q

w/ lips and teeth

A

Labialdental

168
Q

Between the teeth

A

Interdental

169
Q

with ridge above upper teeh

170
Q

the area just behind the alelor ridge in the roof of the mouth

A

Alevo-Palodental

171
Q

made with the tongue near thesoft palat (at the back of the roof of the mouth)

172
Q

Produced by closing the glottis

173
Q

The flow of air actually stops as the sound is articulated

174
Q

A narrow opening somehwere in the oral cavity cause air to rub its way through

A

Fricatives

175
Q

Begin like stops (t and d) but end like fricatives (s and z)

A

Affricatives

176
Q

Made by blocking the mouth and letting the air flow through the nasal cavity

177
Q

made as air flows around the sides of the tounge (laterals)

178
Q

made by the tounge bending back as the air flows

179
Q

produced with unrestricted air flow like vowels, but can be followed by vowels

A

Semivowels