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Test One Specific Flashcards

1
Q

Apheresis

A

ommission of sound from the beginning of a word

ex: ‘cept for except

‘cause for because

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2
Q

Syncope

A

ommision of sound from within a word.

ex:

“bizness” for buisness

“govment” for government

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3
Q

Apocope

A

Omission of sound from the end of a word

ex: gonna for going

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4
Q

VOice Assimilation

A

making a sound more like the sounds surrounding it through voicing.

ex: budder for butter

mudder for mutter

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5
Q

Place Assimilation

A

Chaning the place a sound is made

ex: grandma becomes gramma

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6
Q

Dissimilation

A

Changing a sound to make it less like those around it.

Puntit for Pundit

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7
Q

Gemination

A

Eliminating a difficult-to-pronounce sequence of sounds resulting from adding a prefix to a base by dropping the final consonant of the prefix and doubling the first letter of the base.

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8
Q

Metathesis

A

reversalof sounds within a word

prettybecome purty

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9
Q

Epenthesis

A

addition of sound within a word

athlete becomes athelete

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10
Q

Epithesis

A

addition of sound at the end of a word

across becomes acrosst

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11
Q

Gradation

A

a chenge in sound resulting form a shift in stress

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12
Q

Suprasegmental

A

are sound modifications that signal meaning other than segmental phonemes (combinations of sounds).

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13
Q

Pitch

A

The vocal Levels at which sound is produced

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14
Q

2 A Raised 2

A

represnts the level of pitch known as Rising Pitch, used when we begin to speak.

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15
Q

3A superscript 3

A

represents the level of pitch (volume) when we are at the accented syllable of the word that gets most stress in an utterance.

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16
Q

1A superscript 1

A

represents the falling away of pitch as we come to the end of a grammatical unit.

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17
Q

4Level 4

A

is rarely used except in statements of strong fear, anger, excitement, etc.

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18
Q

The Dog at the Bone

A

2The dog ate the 3bo′ne1.↓

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19
Q

After the dance, the three giggle girls went to wendy’s.

A

2After the 3dance,2→2the three giggling cheerleaders went to 3We′ndy’s1.↓

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20
Q

In symbolizing a intonation contour, pitch should be marked in three places:

A

At the beginning of the contour (grammatical unit)
At the beginning of the syllable bearing the primary stress
At the end of the unit before the terminal (the punctuation mark indicating closure)

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21
Q

Phonology

A

the study of units of sound

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22
Q

231

A

Used in giving commands
Used in questions that begin with a question word (Who, what, when, where, why, how, etc.)
Used in statements/declarative sentences

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23
Q

2Today is 3 Th’ursday1↓.

A

231

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24
Q

Phone

A

the smallest unit of sound

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25
Phoneme
a sound in its variations as long as meaning does not change
26
233 (232) Pattern
Yes or No questions in question form Yes or No questions in statement form Initial grammatical units
27
Allophone
an insignificant variable of a poneme
28
i
meet eat week
29
Stress
is the emphasis (or lack of emphasis) placed on a syllable.
30
Four Levels of Stress
Primary stress– denoted by a ' Secondary stress—denoted by a ^ Tertiary (or mid) stress—denoted by a ` Unaccented syllables—denoted by a ˘
31
Primary Stress
a '
32
Secondary Stress
a ^
33
Tertiary (or mid) stress
a `
34
ɪ
Mitt Invite Pin
35
In a two-syllable noun, which syllable usually gets primary stress?
the first syllable
36
In a two syllable verb,, which syllable egts the primary stress?
the second syllable
37
Produce as a verb
Prod'uce
38
Produce as a noun
'produce
39
Stress Patterns: Compound Nouns
′ `, primary stress on the first syllable and mid stress on the other major syllable.
40
Adjective- Noun
^ ′
41
Verb-adverb
^ ′
42
Gradation
The changing of a sound in a word when the word is spoken with different levels of stress. I *have* two dogs.
43
Juncture
The pauses in speech (terminal or internal)
44
Terminal Juncture
closed juncture, coes at the end of contours
45
Internal Junction
Plus or Open Contours, comes withing words or between words.
46
↓
This mark is used with declarative sentences, imperatives, and questions beginning with question words.
47
+
This mark is used with internal juncture.
48
e
mate eight locate
49
Labial
between the lips
50
Labialdental
w/ lips and teeth
51
Interdental
Between the teeth
52
Alevolar
with ridge above upper teeh
53
Alevo-Palodental
the area just behind the alelor ridge in the roof of the mouth
54
Velar
made with the tongue near thesoft palat (at the back of the roof of the mouth)
55
Glottal
Produced by closing the glottis
56
Stops
The flow of air actually stops as the sound is articulated
57
Fricatives
A narrow opening somehwere in the oral cavity cause air to rub its way through
58
Affricatives
Begin like stops (t and d) but end like fricatives (s and z)
59
Nasals
Made by blocking the mouth and letting the air flow through the nasal cavity
60
Liquids
made as air flows around the sides of the tounge (laterals)
61
Retroflex
made by the tounge bending back as the air flows
62
Semivowels
produced with unrestricted air flow like vowels, but can be followed by vowels
63
ɛ
met bet head
64
æ
mat glass at
65
ə
mid central schwa above mother ugly
66
a
southern I
67
u
news toot fruit
68
What is the difference between vowels and consonants?
all vowels made with unrestriced air flow, all voiced/oral, and no nasal sounds
69
ʊ
book put should
70
o
note toad goes
71
ɔ
daughter awe order
72
ɑ
heart Oxford father
73
aɪ
nice kind Eifel
74
aʊ
how out house
75
ɔɪ
oyster boil toy
76
p
stop patter happen
77
b
bus stab flubber
78
t
belt table salt
79
d
need dud filled
80
k
can account back
81
g
eggs go gaurd
82
f
fox muffin tough
83
v
voice waiver above
84
θ
thing with toothbrush
85
ð
that wither smooth
86
s
see gloss science
87
z
zoo fizzle scizzors
88
š
shoe ocean machine
89
ž
vision beige rouge
90
h
hot who
91
č
fixture righteous question chew
92
ǰ
joke garage exaggerate soldier
93
m
morning drum dimmer
94
n
now din know
95
ŋ
finger ring mooring donkey
96
l
look calmer well
97
r
ray bear rhapsody
98
w
wish awhile
99
y
you onion
100
"tt" becomes
d
101
mat glass at
æ
102
mid central schwa above mother ugly
ə
103
southern I
a
104
news toot fruit
u
105
book put should
ʊ
106
note toad goes
o
107
daughter awe order
ɔ
108
heart Oxford father
ɑ
109
nice kind Eifel
aɪ
110
how out house
aʊ
111
oyster boil toy
ɔɪ
112
stop patter happen
p
113
bus stab flubber
b
114
belt table salt
t
115
need dud filled
d
116
can account back
k
117
eggs go gaurd
g
118
fox muffin tough
f
119
voice waiver above
v
120
thing with toothbrush
θ
121
that wither smooth
ð
122
see gloss science
s
123
zoo fizzle scizzors
z
124
shoe ocean machine
š
125
vision beige rouge
ž
126
hot who
h
127
fixture righteous question chew
č
128
joke garage exaggerate soldier
ǰ
129
morning drum dimmer
m
130
now din know
n
131
finger ring mooring donkey
ŋ
132
look calmer well
l
133
ray bear rhapsody
r
134
wish awhile
w
135
you onion
y
136
"nce" becomes
nts
137
"nk" becomes
ŋk
138
"le" becomes
lə
139
Transcribe "of"
əv
140
"-sion" becomes
šan
141
transcribe "begin"
bə gæn
142
ommission of sound from the beginning of a word ex: 'cept for except 'cause for because
Apheresis
143
ommision of sound from within a word. ex: "bizness" for buisness "govment" for government
Syncope
144
Omission of sound from the end of a word ex: gonna for going
Apocope
145
making a sound more like the sounds surrounding it through voicing. ex: budder for butter mudder for mutter
VOice Assimilation
146
Chaning the place a sound is made ex: grandma becomes gramma
Place Assimilation
147
Changing a sound to make it less like those around it. Puntit for Pundit
Dissimilation
148
reversalof sounds within a word prettybecome purty
Metathesis
149
addition of sound within a word athlete becomes athelete
Epenthesis
150
addition of sound at the end of a word across becomes acrosst
Epithesis
151
a chenge in sound resulting form a shift in stress
Gradation
152
are sound modifications that signal meaning other than segmental phonemes (combinations of sounds).
Suprasegmental
153
The vocal Levels at which sound is produced
Pitch
154
the study of units of sound
Phonology
155
the smallest unit of sound
Phone
156
a sound in its variations as long as meaning does not change
Phoneme
157
an insignificant variable of a poneme
Allophone
158
is the emphasis (or lack of emphasis) placed on a syllable.
Stress
159
a '
Primary Stress
160
a ^
Secondary Stress
161
a `
Tertiary (or mid) stress
162
The changing of a sound in a word when the word is spoken with different levels of stress. I *have* two dogs.
Gradation
163
The pauses in speech (terminal or internal)
Juncture
164
closed juncture, coes at the end of contours
Terminal Juncture
165
Plus or Open Contours, comes withing words or between words.
Internal Junction
166
between the lips
Labial
167
w/ lips and teeth
Labialdental
168
Between the teeth
Interdental
169
with ridge above upper teeh
Alevolar
170
the area just behind the alelor ridge in the roof of the mouth
Alevo-Palodental
171
made with the tongue near thesoft palat (at the back of the roof of the mouth)
Velar
172
Produced by closing the glottis
Glottal
173
The flow of air actually stops as the sound is articulated
Stops
174
A narrow opening somehwere in the oral cavity cause air to rub its way through
Fricatives
175
Begin like stops (t and d) but end like fricatives (s and z)
Affricatives
176
Made by blocking the mouth and letting the air flow through the nasal cavity
Nasals
177
made as air flows around the sides of the tounge (laterals)
Liquids
178
made by the tounge bending back as the air flows
Retroflex
179
produced with unrestricted air flow like vowels, but can be followed by vowels
Semivowels

Advanced Grammar (18 decks)

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