Suprasegmental Phonemes

Question 1

Suprasegmental

Answer 1

are sound modifications that signal meaning other than segmental phonemes (combinations of sounds).

Question 2

Pitch

Answer 2

The vocal Levels at which sound is produced

Question 3

² A Raised ²

Answer 3

represnts the level of pitch known as Rising Pitch, used when we begin to speak.

Question 4

3A superscript 3

Answer 4

represents the level of pitch (volume) when we are at the accented syllable of the word that gets most stress in an utterance.

Question 5

¹A superscript ¹

Answer 5

represents the falling away of pitch as we come to the end of a grammatical unit.

Question 6

4Level 4

Answer 6

is rarely used except in statements of strong fear, anger, excitement, etc.

Question 7

The Dog at the Bone

Answer 7

²The dog ate the ³bo′ne¹.↓

Question 8

After the dance, the three giggle girls went to wendy’s.

Answer 8

²After the ³dance,²→²the three giggling cheerleaders went to ³We′ndy’s¹.↓

Question 9

In symbolizing a intonation contour, pitch should be marked in three places:

Answer 9

At the beginning of the contour (grammatical unit)
At the beginning of the syllable bearing the primary stress
At the end of the unit before the terminal (the punctuation mark indicating closure)

Question 10

Two Patterns of Pitch

Answer 10

231 and 233 (232)

Question 11

231

Answer 11

Used in giving commands
Used in questions that begin with a question word (Who, what, when, where, why, how, etc.)
Used in statements/declarative sentences

Question 12

²Today is ³ Th’ursday¹↓.

Answer 12

231

Question 13

²Please shut the ³w′indow¹.↓

Answer 13

231

Question 14

²Who is that striking ³w′oman¹?↓

Answer 14

231

Question 15

233 (232) Pattern

Answer 15

Yes or No questions in question form

Yes or No questions in statement form

Initial grammatical units

Question 16

²Are you going to the ³c′oncert tonight³?↑

Answer 16

233

Question 17

²You are Mary’s ³b′rother³?

Answer 17

233

Question 18

Stress

Answer 18

is the emphasis (or lack of emphasis) placed on a syllable.

Question 19

Four Levels of Stress

Answer 19

Primary stress– denoted by a ‘
Secondary stress—denoted by a ^
Tertiary (or mid) stress—denoted by a `
Unaccented syllables—denoted by a ˘

Question 20

Primary Stress

Answer 20

a ‘

Question 21

Secondary Stress

Answer 21

a ^

Question 22

Tertiary (or mid) stress

Answer 22

a `

Question 23

Unaccented Syllables

Answer 23

a ˘

Question 24

In a two-syllable noun, which syllable usually gets primary stress?

Answer 24

the first syllable

Question 25

In a two syllable verb,, which syllable egts the primary stress?

Answer 25

the second syllable

Question 26

Produce as a verb

Answer 26

Prod’uce

Question 27

Produce as a noun

Answer 27

‘produce

Question 28

Stress Patterns: Compound Nouns

Answer 28

′ `, primary stress on the first syllable and mid stress on the other major syllable.

Question 29

Adjective- Noun

Answer 29

^ ′

Question 30

Verb and Noun Object

Answer 30

^ ′

Question 31

Verb-adverb

Answer 31

^ ′

Question 32

Gradation

Answer 32

The changing of a sound in a word when the word is spoken with different levels of stress.

I have two dogs.

Question 33

Juncture

Answer 33

The pauses in speech (terminal or internal)

Question 34

Terminal Juncture

Answer 34

closed juncture, coes at the end of contours

Question 35

Internal Junction

Answer 35

Plus or Open Contours, comes withing words or between words.

Question 36

↓

Answer 36

This mark is used with declarative sentences, imperatives, and questions beginning with question words.

Question 37

↑

Answer 37

This mark is used with yes/no questions and with initial grammatical units.

Question 38

→

Answer 38

This mark may also be used with initial and internal units.

Question 39

+

Answer 39

This mark is used with internal juncture.

Question 40

Open Syllable

Answer 40

contains a long vowel (often spelled with two symbols) and follows the pattern V or VCV.

Question 41

Closed Syllable

Answer 41

contains a short vowel, and the pattern is either VC or VCCV.

Question 42

Gemination

Answer 42

is dropping a sound difficult to pronounce in a particular environment and replacing by doubling the letter that spells the adjacent sound. Ex. Occur is ob+cur; Accident is ad+cid+ent.