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Advanced Grammar > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Invention

A

words created from no existing morphemes or phonestheme

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2
Q

Compounding words

A

words formed by the joining of two or more free morphemes into a single word

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3
Q

Derivation

A

forming of new words by combining derivational affixes or bound bases with existing words

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4
Q

blending (portmanteau words)

A

combining two or more parts from two or more existing words

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5
Q

Clip formations

A

elimination part of a word

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6
Q

Backformation

A

forming a new word form an existing one, usually verb from a noun, nearly always changing the part of speech

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7
Q

Echoism (onomatopoeia)

A

words in which the sounds suggest meaning

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8
Q

Reduplication

A

word with repeating sounds or syllables

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9
Q

Functional Shift

A

the use of the same word as more than one part of speech

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10
Q

Antonomasia (commonization)

A

words derived from proper names

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11
Q

Folk etymology (malapropism, Archie Bunker-ism)

A

using a word in an improper way because of association with a known word or situation, often creating a new word ex: Hearing a song and misunderstanding a word, mishearing something and then creating a new word.

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12
Q

Generalization

A

giving a more general meaning to a narrow term ex: go- to go by any means of transportation when it once meant to walk, starve- now means to die of hunger, once meant to die

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13
Q

Specialization

A

narrowing the meaning of a word

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14
Q

Pejoration

A

giving a derogatory meaning to a word ex: fool used to mean court jester, and now it means idiot.

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15
Q

Amelioration

A

a once uncomplimentary word now has a more positive meaning. ex: bomb: they dropped a bomb vs. you’re the bomb- wicked: evil vs. cool

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16
Q

Euphemism

A

substitution of a more pleasant phrase for something unpleasant

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17
Q

Trade Name

A

using the name of a particular product to refer to and item. ex: coke for soda, Kleenex for tissue, xerox for copy

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18
Q

Phonesthemes

A

sound combinations that has come to have meaning, units of sound that seem to have meaning but are not true morphemes: fly, flip, flow; glisten, glow, glitter

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19
Q

homogrpahs

A

words that look alike but have different sounds and meanings: wind a clock, the wind blows; write a resume, resume a project

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20
Q

homophone

A

words that sound the same but have different meanings: two, to, too

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21
Q

ad-

A

to, toward

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22
Q

ab-

A

away from

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23
Q

ante-

A

before

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24
Q

anti-

A

against

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25
Q

circum-

A

around

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26
Q

com-, co-

A

with, together

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27
Q

contra-

A

against

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28
Q

de-

A

down, from

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29
Q

dis-

A

apart from

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30
Q

hyper-

A

over

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31
Q

epi-

A

on, upon

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32
Q

ex-

A

out of, from

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33
Q

in-

A

into or not

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34
Q

mis-

A

wrong

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35
Q

non-

A

not

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36
Q

ob-

A

against

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37
Q

per-

A

through

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38
Q

pro-

A

forward

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39
Q

re-

A

back, again

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40
Q

sub-

A

under

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41
Q

trans-

A

across

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42
Q

post-

A

after

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43
Q

un-

A

not (negates)

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44
Q

pre-

A

before

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45
Q

inter-

A

between

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46
Q

intra-

A

within

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47
Q

an-

A

without

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48
Q

extra-

A

beyond

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49
Q

cata-

A

down

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50
Q

dia-

A

across

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51
Q

sur-

A

over

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52
Q

auto-

A

self

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53
Q

neo-

A

new

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54
Q

cap (cep,cip)

A

take, sieze

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55
Q

cid(cis)

A

cut, kill

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56
Q

dic

A

say,speak

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57
Q

duc

A

lead

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58
Q

fer,lat

A

bear, carry

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59
Q

fac (fec, fic)

A

do, make

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60
Q

mitt (miss)

A

send

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61
Q

pon, pos

A

place, put

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62
Q

port

A

carry

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63
Q

scrib (scrip)

A

write

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64
Q

spec

A

see

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65
Q

ten

A

hold

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66
Q

ten (tend, tens)

A

stretch

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67
Q

ven

A

come

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68
Q

vid (vis)

A

see

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69
Q

voc

A

call

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70
Q

sto (sta)

A

stand

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71
Q

plic, plex

A

fold, bend

72
Q

graph

A

write

73
Q

doc

A

teach

74
Q

aud

A

hear

75
Q

ago, eg, ac

A

do, act

76
Q

ann, enn

A

year

77
Q

pel

A

drive, force

78
Q

tang, tac

A

touch

79
Q

curr, curs

A

run

80
Q

cur

A

care

81
Q

moni

A

warn

82
Q

ben, born

A

good

83
Q

cad, cas

A

fall

84
Q

ced, cess

A

go, yield

85
Q

do, da

A

give

86
Q

Inflectional Affixes

A

do not change the part of speech, they come at the end of a word (except for infixes), they do not pile up: They close a word.

87
Q

noun plural

A

{-s, pl} ex: cats, boys, horses, mice, deer

88
Q

noun singular possessive

A

{-‘s} ex: boy’s, cat’s horse’s, of the desk

89
Q

noun plural possessive

A

{-s’} ex: boys’, cats’, horses’, of the desks

90
Q

third person singular present tense

A

{-s} ex: sees, eats, does, poses, is

91
Q

simple past tense

A

{-d pt} ex: walked, drove, needed, sank, slept

92
Q

past participle

A

{-d pp} ex: eaten, walked, driven, needed, sunk, slept

93
Q

Present Participle

A

{-ing vb} ex: walking, drving, needing, sinking, sleeping (used to show progression)

94
Q

comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs

A

slower, friendlier, more (less) beautiful

95
Q

superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs

A

{-est sp} ex: slowest, friendliest, most beautiful

96
Q

Derivational Affixes

A

all of the suffixes that are not inflectional These words to which these suffixes can be added are arbitrary (not all derivational suffixes can be added to a base) do not normally close out a word (that is, more than one can be added to a base

97
Q

Morphology

A

The study of units of meaning

98
Q

Morpheme

A

the smallest unit of meaning. Ex. “cow” (a free base) the prefix “un-“ The suffix “’-‘s”

99
Q

Kinds of Morphemes

A

free and bound morphemes

100
Q

Free Morpheme

A

a morpheme that can stand alone. Ex: Golf, girl, cow

101
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

a morpheme that must be used with a prefix or suffix ex: “-er” in golfer

102
Q

Base

A

the morpheme that carries the basic meaning of a word

103
Q

Free Base

A

a base that does not have to have any other parts to complete it. ex: cow, girl

104
Q

Bound Base

A

must have prefixes , suffixes, or both to complete it ex: the “ven” in venture “voc” in vocal

105
Q

Three types of Affixes

A

prefixes, suffixes, and infixes

106
Q

Prefix

A

come before the base they are attached to ex: unlikely, precursor, mistake

107
Q

Suffix

A

follow the base they are attached to ex: vented, ability, sadism

108
Q

Infixes

A

come within the base they are attached to ex: drive/ drove tooth/teeth woman/women mouse/mice

109
Q

Full Morphemes

A

include nouns, verbs, adjective, and adverbs- content or context words.

110
Q

Empty Morphemes

A

include articles, prepositions, conjunctions- function words (adds to other words)

111
Q

Derivational Affixes

A

modify the dictionary meaning of a word to which they are added ex: adding “con-“ to “vent” (meaning to come) gives us the word convent, a place where nuns live adding “-ation” to a base such as “voc-“ or “sanc-“ makes the word a noun: vocation, sanction

112
Q

Inflectional Affixes

A

modify the word grammatically for person, number, gender, etc. They do not change the part of speech or the dictionary definition of a word. There are nine of these. -bush, bushes -Talk, talks, talked, talking -Poor, poorer, poorest

113
Q

Allomorph

A

Insignificant variation of a morpheme

114
Q

Homophones

A

spelled differently, but sound alike ex: too, two, to

115
Q

Homographs

A

spelled alike, but do not sound alike ex: wind (breeze), wind (a clock)

116
Q

Orlon

A

tradename/ invention

117
Q

rickrack

A

reduplication, because of the rhyming sound

118
Q

FEMA

A

acronomy

119
Q

smog

A

blending

120
Q

retroactive

A

derivation

121
Q

terible dactyl

A

folk etomology

122
Q

starve

A

specialization

123
Q

xerox

A

trade name

124
Q

pass on to one’s great reward

A

euphenism

125
Q

she wings her way on wings

A

functional shift

126
Q

fool (n.)

A

pejoration

127
Q

trade-in

A

compound

128
Q

cop

A

acronomy for constonable on control/pejoration

129
Q

X ray

A

invented (x doesn’t stand for anything)

130
Q

fizz

A

echoism

131
Q

dissavow

A

deravational (prefix and suffix)

132
Q

AWOl

A

acronomy

133
Q

telecast

A

blend

134
Q

fido

A

acronomy for freaks irregularities defect oddities

135
Q

watt

A

commonization (from a person’s name)

136
Q

roach

A

clip

137
Q

water makes my mouth water

A

functional shift

138
Q

armchair

A

compound

139
Q

liberated

A

derivation

140
Q

write

A

back formation from writer

141
Q

legalize

A

derivation

142
Q

cafetorium

A

blend

143
Q

antineutron

A

derivation

144
Q

gym

A

clip

145
Q

sandwich

A

commonization

146
Q

scrunch

A

echoism/blend for crunch and squeeze

147
Q

ice pie (for I Spy)

A

folk etomology

148
Q

iffy

A

derivation

149
Q

hodgepodge

A

reduplication

150
Q

fottock

A

folk etimology for foot hook

151
Q

gadabout

A

compound of gad and about

152
Q

powder room

A

euphenism

153
Q

manila envelope

A

trade name

154
Q

phone

A

clip

155
Q

overwrite

A

derviation

156
Q

oxford

A

commonization

157
Q

swelter

A

blend for sweating in the weltering sun

158
Q

whoosh

A

echoism

159
Q

zap

A

echoism

160
Q

zit

A

invention

161
Q

constable

A

derivation

162
Q

hubbub

A

reduplication

163
Q

ASAP

A

acronomy

164
Q

reinvent

A

derivation

165
Q

_Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound | _

adventure

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

A

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

ad\vent\ure_ _ 3 ven bound

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

come ad toward ure D

166
Q

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

captives

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

A

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

cap\tive\s 3 cap bound

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

take, sieze —– —— tive/s D/I

167
Q

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

abdicated

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

A

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

ab\dic\ate\d 4 dic bound

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

      speak             ab          away from      ate/d      D/I
168
Q

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

compelling

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

A

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

com\pell\ing 3 pell bound

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

drive, force com together ing I

169
Q

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

pitfallls

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

A

Cut | # of morphemes | Base | Free/Bound |

pit/fall/s 3 pitt,falls free, free

Meaning | Prefixes | Meaning | Suffixes | I/D

            -------          ------            ----             s             d
170
Q

children

A

{-s pl}

171
Q

Mrs. Horto_n’s_

A

{ -s sg ps}

172
Q

the class has studied

A

{-d pp}

173
Q

better

A

{-er cp}

174
Q

made

A

{-d pt}

175
Q

grades

A

{-s pl}

176
Q

ran

A

{-d pt}

177
Q

screaming

A

{-ing v}

Advanced Grammar (18 decks)

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