test one

Question 1

basic structural unit of life; all have same basic architecture;
water based interior that is separated from a chemically distinct water based exterior by a cell membrane;

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

water molecules clinging together; hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to stick to one another and surfaces making them wet

Answer 2

cohesion

Question 3

water molecules cling to surfaces

Answer 3

adhesion

Question 4

universale solvent

Answer 4

a substance in which other substances can dissolve

Question 5

stacked membranous discs; packages and transports proteins

Answer 5

golgi apparatus

Question 6

encloses the cell’s DNA; reaction for interpreting the genetic instructions takes place here; surrounded by the nuclear envelope;
Defining organelle for eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

cells powerhouse;
extract energy from food;
convert energy into a useful form;
found in almost all eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

network of membrane covered in pipes;
proteins and lipids synthesized here;
Rough ER and Smooth ER; 
"plumbing system"
critical for the production of proteins

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Full of digestive enzymes;
Break down worn out parts or molecules;
“recycle”

Answer 9

Lysosomes

Question 10

hypothesis can be_______ and _______

Answer 10

tested and proven false

Question 11

network of protein fibers;

variety of functions including cell support, cell movement, and movement of structures within cells

Answer 11

cytoskeleton

Question 12

plant and algae cells;
two membranes;
internal system of stacked membrane disc

Answer 12

chloroplast

Question 13

free living prokaryotic cells engulfed other free living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago forming eukaryotic organelles

Answer 13

Endosymbiosis theory

Question 14

nucleotides are composed of what?

Answer 14

sugar, phosphate group, and a base

Question 15

formed between two amino acids

Answer 15

peptide bond

Question 16

all living things are made up of cells;

every new cell comes from the division of a pre-existing cell

Answer 16

cell theory

Question 17

carbohydrates

Answer 17

energy storage

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

speed up chemical reactions

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

insulation

Question 20

nucleic acids

Answer 20

genetic info

Question 21

5 functions of life

Answer 21

1. grows
2. reproduces
3. ability to obtain and use energy
4. homeostasis
5. senses and responds to stimuli

Question 22

comes from sunlight or food;

organisms use this to break down food

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in living things

Answer 23

metabolism

Question 24

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 24

matter

Question 25

substances that can't be chemically broken down; these are not alive, but sometimes combining them makes life

Answer 25

elements

Question 26

smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of that element; have distinct chemical properties

Answer 26

Atom

Question 27

dense core of an atom

Answer 27

nucleus

Question 28

protons are _______

Answer 28

positive

Question 29

electrons are ______

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

Neutrons are ______

Answer 30

Neutral

Question 31

the key component of the molecules of living organisms; can form multiple covalent bonds; can form in both organic and nonorganic molecules

Answer 31

carbon

Question 32

3 most common elements in the human body

Answer 32

- oxygen 65% - carbon 18.5% - hydrogen 9.5%

Question 33

atomic number

Answer 33

the # of protons

Question 34

atomic mass

Answer 34

is the total # of protons and neutrons

Question 35

all life we know of is_______

Answer 35

carbon based

Question 36

Atoms are made up of ?

Answer 36

Positively charged protons negatively charged electrons neutral neutrons

Question 37

Macromolecules are

Answer 37

large organic molecules composed of submits called monomers

Question 38

molecules that have carbon and share electrons bound by covalent bonds

Answer 38

organic

Question 39

molecules that are not covalently bound to other carbon or hydrogen atoms

Answer 39

Inorganic

Question 40

monomers link together to form _____

Answer 40

polymer chains

Question 41

four types of complex macromolecules that make up living things

Answer 41

1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acids

Question 42

made up of monosaccharides

Answer 42

carbohydrates

Question 43

monosaccharide

Answer 43

a single molecule of sugar i.e. glucose

Question 44

made up of amino acids

Answer 44

proteins

Question 45

what do proteins do in your body?

Answer 45

they do work (energy) | also can be structural

Question 46

made up of nucleotide monomers

Answer 46

nucleic acids

Question 47

single celled eukaryotes

Answer 47

diatoms

Question 48

prokaryotic cells

Answer 48

lack internal membrane bound organelles

Question 49

eukaryotic cells

Answer 49

many organelles | has a nucleus

Question 50

- prevents many large molecules like glucose and hydrophilic charged substances like sodium ions from crossing - allows small encouraged substances to cross via diffusion

Answer 50

cell membrane

Question 51

natural tendency of dissolved substances to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration -no energy required

Answer 51

simple diffusion

Question 52

large or hydrophilic molecules cross the membrane by assistance of

Answer 52

transport proteins

Question 53

lower concentration to higher with the help of specific transport proteins and chemical energy to pump molecules against the gradient

Answer 53

active transport

Question 54

higher concentration to lower without the input of energy and chemical energy to pump molecules against the grad

Answer 54

facilitated diffusion

Question 55

sit in the membrane bilayer act as a channel carrier or pump - provide passageways - can move substances with or against concentration gradient

Answer 55

transport proteins