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test one Flashcards

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1
Q

basic structural unit of life; all have same basic architecture;
water based interior that is separated from a chemically distinct water based exterior by a cell membrane;

A

cells

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2
Q

water molecules clinging together; hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to stick to one another and surfaces making them wet

A

cohesion

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3
Q

water molecules cling to surfaces

A

adhesion

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4
Q

universale solvent

A

a substance in which other substances can dissolve

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5
Q

stacked membranous discs; packages and transports proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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6
Q

encloses the cell’s DNA; reaction for interpreting the genetic instructions takes place here; surrounded by the nuclear envelope;
Defining organelle for eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

cells powerhouse;
extract energy from food;
convert energy into a useful form;
found in almost all eukaryotic cells

A

mitochondria

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8
Q 
network of membrane covered in pipes;
proteins and lipids synthesized here;
Rough ER and Smooth ER; 
"plumbing system"
critical for the production of proteins
A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

Full of digestive enzymes;
Break down worn out parts or molecules;
“recycle”

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

hypothesis can be_______ and _______

A

tested and proven false

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11
Q

network of protein fibers;

variety of functions including cell support, cell movement, and movement of structures within cells

A

cytoskeleton

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12
Q

plant and algae cells;
two membranes;
internal system of stacked membrane disc

A

chloroplast

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13
Q

free living prokaryotic cells engulfed other free living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago forming eukaryotic organelles

A

Endosymbiosis theory

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14
Q

nucleotides are composed of what?

A

sugar, phosphate group, and a base

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15
Q

formed between two amino acids

A

peptide bond

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16
Q

all living things are made up of cells;

every new cell comes from the division of a pre-existing cell

A

cell theory

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17
Q

carbohydrates

A

energy storage

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18
Q

proteins

A

speed up chemical reactions

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19
Q

Lipids

A

insulation

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20
Q

nucleic acids

A

genetic info

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21
Q

5 functions of life

A
  1. grows
  2. reproduces
  3. ability to obtain and use energy
  4. homeostasis
  5. senses and responds to stimuli
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22
Q

comes from sunlight or food;

organisms use this to break down food

A

energy

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23
Q

sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in living things

A

metabolism

24
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

matter

25
Q

substances that can’t be chemically broken down; these are not alive, but sometimes combining them makes life

A

elements

26
Q

smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of that element; have distinct chemical properties

A

Atom

27
Q

dense core of an atom

A

nucleus

28
Q

protons are _______

A

positive

29
Q

electrons are ______

A

negative

30
Q

Neutrons are ______

A

Neutral

31
Q

the key component of the molecules of living organisms;
can form multiple covalent bonds;
can form in both organic and nonorganic molecules

A

carbon

32
Q

3 most common elements in the human body

A
  • oxygen 65%
  • carbon 18.5%
  • hydrogen 9.5%
33
Q

atomic number

A

the # of protons

34
Q

atomic mass

A

is the total # of protons and neutrons

35
Q

all life we know of is_______

A

carbon based

36
Q

Atoms are made up of ?

A

Positively charged protons
negatively charged electrons
neutral neutrons

37
Q

Macromolecules are

A

large organic molecules composed of submits called monomers

38
Q

molecules that have carbon and share electrons bound by covalent bonds

A

organic

39
Q

molecules that are not covalently bound to other carbon or hydrogen atoms

A

Inorganic

40
Q

monomers link together to form _____

A

polymer chains

41
Q

four types of complex macromolecules that make up living things

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Nucleic acids
42
Q

made up of monosaccharides

A

carbohydrates

43
Q

monosaccharide

A

a single molecule of sugar i.e. glucose

44
Q

made up of amino acids

A

proteins

45
Q

what do proteins do in your body?

A

they do work (energy)

also can be structural

46
Q

made up of nucleotide monomers

A

nucleic acids

47
Q

single celled eukaryotes

A

diatoms

48
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

lack internal membrane bound organelles

49
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

many organelles

has a nucleus

50
Q
  • prevents many large molecules like glucose and hydrophilic charged substances like sodium ions from crossing
  • allows small encouraged substances to cross via diffusion
A

cell membrane

51
Q

natural tendency of dissolved substances to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
-no energy required

A

simple diffusion

52
Q

large or hydrophilic molecules cross the membrane by assistance of

A

transport proteins

53
Q

lower concentration to higher with the help of specific transport proteins and chemical energy to pump molecules against the gradient

A

active transport

54
Q

higher concentration to lower without the input of energy and chemical energy to pump molecules against the grad

A

facilitated diffusion

55
Q

sit in the membrane bilayer act as a channel carrier or pump

  • provide passageways
  • can move substances with or against concentration gradient
A

transport proteins

Biology 101 (14 decks)

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