lecture 1-13-16

Question 1

macromolecule made of repeating amino acid subunits; have many functions;
muscle contraction, facilitate, chemical reactions fight infection

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

building blocks of proteins; 20 different amino acids; all have the same basic core structure; each also has a unique chemical side group

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

amino acids are held together by ______

Answer 3

peptide bonds

Question 4

amino acids bond together to form _______

Answer 4

linear chains

Question 5

chain folds into a 3d protein based on the ________of amino acids

Answer 5

sequence

Question 6

instructions to make proteins are encoded by

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

a sequences of DNA that contains the instruction to make at least______________

Answer 7

one protein

Question 8

where are genes found ?

Answer 8

found on chromosomes

Question 9

synthesis of a protein from a gene is called

Answer 9

gene expression

Question 10

antithrombin protein helps prevent

Answer 10

blood clots (thrombosis)

Question 11

antithrombin is only expressed in

Answer 11

liver cells

Question 12

humans have _________ of every gene

Answer 12

two copies of every gene

Question 13

when you inherit genes from your parent its the same thing; different version of the same gene is called

Answer 13

allele

Question 14

alternative versions of the same gene; have different nucleotide sequences; different alleles influence protein function

Answer 14

alleles

Question 15

animals that have been genetically altered are called

Answer 15

transgenic organisms

Question 16

gene must be a _______so human protein is expressed in animal

Answer 16

hybrid

Question 17

isolate gene of interest from human chromosome

insert it into animal embryo

Answer 17

genetically modified animals

Question 18

determine the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein

Answer 18

coding sequence

Question 19

determine when and how much a protein a gene makes it

Answer 19

regulatory senses

Question 20

process of assembling new “hybrid gene”
novel combinations of regulatory and coding sequences
recombinant gene

Answer 20

genetic engineering

Question 21

use needle to inject the recombinant gene into a fertilized single cell goat embryo
transgenic embryo is implanted into mother
embryo grows and inserted gene is replicated and passed on the every cell

Answer 21

making transgenic organisms

Question 22

modified to contain genes for natural pesticides

Answer 22

transgenic crops

Question 23

molecules of messenger RNA nRNA are synthesized from the instructions encoded in genes

Answer 23

transcriptions

Question 24

binds to the regulatory of the genes coding region. the DNA strands unwind, exposing the coding sequence of the gene

Answer 24

RNA polymerase

Question 25

RNA polymerase copies a strand of DNA into a ___________ of mRNA by reading the gene coding sequences

Answer 25

complementary strand

Question 26

mRNA molecules used to assemble the corresponding amino acid sequence of the protein

Answer 26

translation

Question 27

ribosomes are made up of

Answer 27

proteins and RNA

Question 28

ribosomes move along the nRNA “reading” it in groups of 3 _______

Answer 28

nucleotides (codons)

Question 29

transfer RNA carries an amino acid to the mRNA and ribosome by using its ___________ to find a matching mcodon

Answer 29

aniticodon