creation/ evolution Flashcards
accept that the earth is a sphere, but reject the sun as the center of the universe; earth and its creatures are central to God and so it is at the center of the universe; Waters which were above the firmament - Gen 1:7
geocentrism
rejects flat-earthism and geocentrism, but still believe in special creationism;
believe that earth is between 6,000-10,000 years old, everything remains essentially the same as the beginning;
rejects that earlier forms of life are ancestral to later ones;
God created “kinds” which led to modern diversity;
reject modern physics, chemistry, geology, some biology
young earth creationism
“opens the time frame”
gap between gen 1:1 and 1:2 of billions of years; special creation;
gap creationism
a day in genesis might be more than just a day;
earth is still billions of years old; flexing of the literal interpretation of the scripture and the physical evidence and science
Day age creationism
more accommodating to modern science;
accepts the Big bang, the age of the earth and length of time to reach earth’s current form;
do not accept modern biology;
“Kinds” cannot turn into other “kinds”
progressive creationism
a type of evolution;
god uses evolution to bring about the universe;
differ with theistic evolution by the level of involvement of God
evolutionary creationism
paley’s watchmaker analogy
accept natural selection, but deny mutation and natural selection can lead to new kinds;
intelligent design
God creates through the laws of nature;
accept all modern science, even speciation;
differ in the level of God’s involvement on earth;
this is the position taught as most mainline protestant seminaries, as well as in the catholic church
theistic evolutionism
the word “agnostic” coined by thomas huxley (darwin’s bulldog);
it means a person who suspends judgement about the existence of God;
tend to think he doesn’t, but won’t rule it out
agnostic evolutionism
-modern science operates under a rule of methodological materialism (naturalism) that limits it to attempting to explain natural phenomena using natural causes;
materialist evolutionism
goes beyond the methodological naturalism of science to propose note only that material ( matter and energy) causes are sufficient to explain natural phenomena but also that the supernatural does not exist
philosophical materialists
do not consider that the question whether God created can be answered
agnostics
allele move from one population to another
nonadaptive
increases new alleles are added to the pop
gene flow
in a non-evolving population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time;
use to identify genes that have changed because of evolutionary mechanisms
hardy weinberg equilibrium
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
hardy weinberg equation
a population of individuals whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
different species cannot mate because they are reproductively isolated
biological species concept
different mating activities. the prairie chicken is not attracted to the mating display of the ring necked pheasant
behavioral isolation
different environments. the arctic fox and the desert fox live in such different places, they never encounter each other
ecological isolation
mating behavior or fertility at different times. the leopard frog mates in early spring and the bullfrog mates in early summer
temporal isolation
mating organs are incompatible. plants pollinated by the hummingbird do not receive pollen from plants pollinated by the black bee
mechanical isolation
gametes cannot unite. the gametes from a dog and cat can’t unite to form a zygote
gamete isolation
gametes unite but viable offspring can’t form
hybrid inviability
genetic divergence of populations, leading over time to reproductive isolation and the formulation of new species
speciation
the collection of ___ in a population constitutes that populations gene pool
alleles
in a population of 75 mice what would be the size of their gene pool for a particular gene
150; all individuals have two alleles
which of the following is not an example of adaptive evolution
all choices; bottleneck, gene flow, mutation, founder effect
which of the following situations would represent a situation that reduces the effect of genetic drift
the population is very large
the promotion of all present alleles in a gene pool is called the
allele frequency
scientists who study ancient life by means of the fossil record
paleontologists
the preserved remains or impressions of once living organisms
fossil
an assemblage of fossils arranged in order of age, which proves evidence of changes in species over time
fossil records
