lecture 1-27-16 Flashcards
genetic disease
caused by a single gene mutation
allele of the CFTR gene
abnormally thick mucus builds up in the lungs
cystic fibrosis CF
CFTR gene codes transmembrane regulator protein
moves ions in and out of the cell
provides instructions for making proteins
gene
how are genes inherited?
physically transmitted from parent to offspring
two copies of each chromosome (and each gene) in ______organism
diploid
homologous chromosomes
one from each parent passed to offspring
two copies of genes found on homologues have same function but DNA sequence may differ
may have two different alleles of same gene
is the particular genetic or allele makeup of an individual
genotype
is the observable or measurable features of an individual
phenotype
combination of maternal and paternal alleles
join during fertilization
determines genotype and contributes to phenotype
sexual reproduction
special sex cells
sperm and egg
reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome -haploid
gametes
special cell division needed to reduce from diploid to haploid
meiosis
meiosis generates unique ________
haploid gametes
haploid sperm fertilizes _____
haploid egg
the result of fertilizing the haploid egg is a ________
diploid zygote
zygote divides by mitosis into an
embryo
- separates homologous chromosomes
- each daughter cell is haploid
- each chromosome still has two sister chromatids
meiosis 1
how many separate division steps does meiosis have?
2
- separates sister chromatids
- four haploid daughter cells
- develop into egg or sperm
meiosis 2
no two gametes are ______
identical
when maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments
recombination
alleles of different gene are distributed independently of one another
independent assortment
Cf is caused by a
recessive allele
two different alleles (Aa)
- phenotype is normal
- individual is a carrier
heterozygote
two identical allele
homozygote
homozygote dominant (AA)
phenotype is normal
homozygous recessive (aa)
phenotype is CF mutant
a diagram to determine the probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes
based on genotype of parents
matches up all possible gametes
punnett square
