TEST - Inter-War Period Places/Things/Events Flashcards
1
Q
“Means test”
A
a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help
2
Q
“New Deal”
A
- it was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939.
3
Q
Amending formula
A
- to change the Constitution using the general formula, the change needs to be approved by 1) the federal Parliament, 2) the Senate, and 3) a minimum number of provincial legislatures. There must be at least seven provinces that approve the change, representing at least 50% of Canada’s population.
4
Q
Anti-Semitism
A
-hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.
5
Q
Assembly line
A
- a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled.
6
Q
Assimilation
A
- the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society.
7
Q
Autonomy
A
- the quality or state of being self-governing, self-directing freedom and especially moral independence and personal autonomy.
8
Q
Balfour Report
A
The Balfour Report of 1926 was an important document in Canada’s evolution to become a fully self-governing nation. The report declared that Britain and its Dominions were constitutionally equal. The findings of the report were made law by the British Parliament in the 1931 Statute of Westminster.
9
Q
Bennett Blanket
A
a newspaper.
10
Q
Bennett-buggy
A
- an engineless automobile drawn by a horse.
11
Q
Black Tuesday.
A
On October 29, 1929, the United States stock market crashed in an event known as Black Tuesday. This began a chain of events that led to the Great Depression, a 10-year economic slump that affected all industrialised countries in the world. The causes of Black Tuesday included too much debt used to buy stocks, global protectionist policies, and slowing economic growth.
12
Q
Blind Pig/Speakeasy
A
- a speakeasy, also called a blind pig or blind tiger, is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages, or a retro style bar that replicates aspects of historical speakeasies. Speakeasy bars came into prominence in the United States and Canada during the Prohibition era (1920–1933).
12
Q
Bloody Saturday
A
- On June 21 1919, near the end of the Winnipeg General Strike, saw the occurrence of the tragic event called “Bloody Saturday.” Two men were killed and 27 others injured as strikers fought the North West Mounted Police. The strike began on May 15 as about 30,000 strikers took to the streets.
13
Q
Bootlegger
A
- a person who makes, distributes, or sells goods illegally.
14
Q
Branch plant
A
- a plant or factory in Canada belonging to a company whose headquarters are in another country.
15
Q
British Commonwealth
A
- The Commonwealth is an association of countries across the world. Although historically connected to the British Empire, any country can apply to be a member of the Commonwealth, regardless of its intersection with Britain’s colonial past. The Commonwealth consists of 54 countries, including the United Kingdom.
16
Q
Buying on credit
A
- it means receiving goods or services straight away and paying for them later.
17
Q
CBC
A
- in 1929 the Commission concluded that Canada was in need of a publicly funded radio broadcast system. In 1936 a new Canadian Broadcasting Act created the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)/Radio-Canada as a crown corporation.
18
Q
Collective bargaining
A
- negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.
19
Q
Coalition
A
- an alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government or of states.
20
Q
Constitution
A
- a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
21
Q
Consumerism/society
A
- the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.
22
Q
Credit
A
- the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.
23
Q
Deflation
A
- reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.
24
Depression (+ cycle)
- the financial and industrial slump of 1929 and subsequent years.
25
Dole/relief/pogey
- financial or other relief given to unemployed people by the government.
26
Drought
- a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
27
Enfranchisement/”ed”
” - the giving of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote.
28
Equalisation payments
- an unconditional transfer of funds by the federal government to a province with below-average revenue per capita, intended to ensure that all provincial governments provide comparable levels of service and taxation.
29
F. D. Roosevelt
- Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. He formed economic and social programs of the “New Deal” which helped bring about the beginnings of a national recovery.
30
Famous Five
- the group included Emily Murphy, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise Crummy McKinney, and Irene Parlby. The Famous Five achieved not only the right for women to serve in the Senate, but they and their many contributions paved the way for women to participate in other aspects of public life and the assertion of women's rights is now honoured by the Governor General's Awards in Commemoration of the Persons Case.
31
Flapper
- flappers were a generation of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts (knee height was considered short during that time period), bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behaviour.
32
Free trade
- international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions
33
General strike
- between 15 May and 25 June 1919, more than 30,000 workers left their jobs. Factories, shops, transit and city services shut down. The strike resulted in arrests, injuries and the deaths of two protestors. It did not immediately succeed in empowering workers and improving job conditions.
34
Governor general
- the chief representative of the Crown in a Commonwealth country of which the British monarch is head of state.
35
Group of Seven
- they sketched landscapes and developed different techniques to better their art. The group was greatly influenced by European Impressionism. It was in 1919 that they began to call themselves the Group of Seven because they couldn't come up with a name, and so Harris dubbed them the “Group of Seven” and it stuck.
36
Hooverville
- a "Hooverville" was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it.
37
Imperial Conference
- The 1926 Imperial Conference was the fifth Imperial Conference bringing together the prime ministers of the Dominions of the British Empire. It was held in London from 19 October to 22 November 1926. The conference was notable for producing the Balfour Declaration, which established the principle that the dominions are all equal in status, and "autonomous communities within the British Empire" not subordinate to the United Kingdom.
38
Inflation
- a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
39
Insulin
- a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
40
King-Byng Crisis
- The King–Byng affair (also The King-Byng Thing) was a Canadian constitutional crisis that occurred in 1926, when the Governor General of Canada, the Lord Byng of Vimy, refused a request by his prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, to dissolve parliament and call a general election.
41
Laissez-faire
- a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
42
Majority Government
- a majority government refers to one or multiple governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in a legislature.
43
Market Economy
- an economic system in which production and prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.
44
Mass production
- the production of large quantities of a standardised article by an automated mechanical process.
45
Minority government
- a government in which the governing party has most seats but still less than half the total.
46
Mixed economy
- an economic system combining private and public enterprise.
47
Model T (tin lizzie)
- Model T, automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. Conceived by Henry Ford as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance.
48
Moonshine
- illicitly distilled or smuggled liquor.
49
Nationalise
- transfer (a major branch of industry or commerce) from private to state ownership or control.
50
OBU
- The One Big Union (OBU) was a radical labour union formed in Western Canada in 1919. It aimed to empower workers through mass organisation along industrial lines. It aimed to empower workers through mass organisation along industrial lines.
51
Old Age Pension Act
In 1927, the Old Age Pensions Act was passed, honouring a promise made at a time of political need for Prime Minister King. This act established a cost-shared program that would replace local emergency relief with a nationwide system of benefits for the poorest seniors.
52
Overproduction
- the production of more of a product, commodity, or substance than is wanted or needed.
53
Pablum
- pablum is a processed cereal for infants originally marketed and co-created by the Mead Johnson Company in 1931. It was cheap and easy to buy to feed malnourished newborns. It was very nutritious and helped keep lots of babies alive.
54
Pandemic
- Spanish flu, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or the 1918 influenza pandemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus.
55
Parent company
- a parent company is an organisation which has the interest of controlling another entity, providing it with the control over the operation.
56
Plebiscite
- the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.
57
Primary industry
- industry, such as mining, agriculture, or forestry, that is concerned with obtaining or providing natural raw materials for conversion into commodities and products for the consumer.
58
Prohibition
- the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.
59
Prosperity (+cycle)
- in the 1920s the ability to produce and distribute goods on a mass scale, aided by technological development and federal policies favouring industry, brought about a stabilisation of the economy that led to wide prosperity.
60
Protectionism
- it was the policy of protecting domestic industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors.
61
Quebec nationalism
- Quebec nationalism or Québécois nationalism is a feeling and a political doctrine that prioritises cultural belonging to, the defence of the interests of, and the recognition of the political legitimacy of the Québécois nation.
62
Recession
- the recession of 1920–1921 was characterised by extreme deflation, the largest one-year percentage decline in around 140 years of data.
63
Recovery
- an economic recovery is the phase of the business cycle following a recession.
64
Red Scare
- a Red Scare is the promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism or other leftist ideologies by a society. It is often characterised as political propaganda
65
Regina Manifesto
- the Regina Manifesto was the founding policy document of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Written in 1933, the 14-point policy statement called for eradicating capitalism and adopting socialist economic and social policies in a democratic state.
66
Regina Riot
- a defining event of the Great Depression, the On-to-Ottawa Trek has become a poignant symbol of working class protest. As the number of protesters increased, the federal government resolved to stop the movement. The police arrested its leaders at a public meeting on July 1st, sparking the Regina Riot.
67
Regionalism
Regionalism - Regionalism refers to the distinctive local character of a geographic area, or to a people's perception of and identification with such places. In Canada, regional identities were formed after Europeans settled across the continent among distinct First Nations tribes.
68
Relief camp
- the idea of relief camps to provide men with work to fill their days, food, clothing, medical attention, and some compensation to ease tensions.
69
Riding the rails/rods
- someone who rides the rails travels by train, especially over a long period of time and without buying a ticket.
70
Rum runner
- a person or ship engaged in illegally bringing prohibited liquor ashore or across a border.
71
Scapegoat
- a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency.
72
Secondary industry
- industry that converts the raw materials provided by primary industry into commodities and products for the consumer; manufacturing industry.
73
Section 98
- a Section 98 Agreement, also known as an “indemnity agreement” or an “alteration agreement”, is required in all situations where a unit owner proposes to make an addition, alteration or improvement (collectively, the “Improvement”) to the common elements of a condominium.
74
Spanish Flu
- Spanish flu, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or the 1918 influenza pandemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million
75
Speculation
- investment in stocks, property, or other ventures in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss.
76
St. Louis
- in the 19th century, St. Louis became a major port on the Mississippi River; from 1870 until the 1920 census, it was the fourth-largest city in the country.
77
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
- St Valentine's Day Massacre was the 1929 murder of seven members and associates of Chicago's North Side Gang that occurred on St Valentine's Day. The men were gathered at a Lincoln Park garage on the morning of that feast day, Feb 14th. They were lined up against a wall and shot by four unknown assailants, two of whom were dressed as police officers. The incident resulted from the struggle to control organised crime in the city during Prohibition between the Irish North Siders, headed by George "Bugs" Moran, and their Italian South Side Gang rivals led by Al Capone.
78
Status (“Indian”)
- it stated that an Indian was “any male person of Indian blood reputed to belong to a particular band.” Indian status also applied to “any child of such person” and to “any woman who is or was lawfully married to such person. If they were to have joined the Canadian army they had to sign away their Indigenous status and would have to sign a paper saying that they were British citizens.
79
Stock market
- throughout the 1920s a long boom took stock prices to peaks never before seen. From 1920 to 1929 stocks more than quadrupled in value. Many investors became convinced that stocks were a sure thing and borrowed heavily to invest more money in the market.
80
Suffrage
- women's suffrage (or franchise) is the right of women to vote in political elections; campaigns for this right generally included demand for the right to run for public office.
81
Supply and demand
- the price of a good tends to increase when the supply of that good decreases (making it rarer) or when the demand for that good increases (making the good more sought after). Conversely, it describes how goods will decline in price when they become more widely available (less rare) or less popular among consumers.
82
Temperance
- the roots of what became Prohibition in 1920 started in the 19th century with the Temperance Movement, principally among women who protested against the abuse of alcohol and how it caused men to commit domestic violence against women.
83
Vagrant/transient/hobo
- they were persons who were without visible means of support or domicile while able to work
84
WCTU
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was the largest non-denominational women’s organisation in 19th century Canada. Believing that alcohol abuse was the cause of unemployment, disease, sex work, poverty, violence against women and children, and immorality, the WCTU campaigned for the legal prohibition of all alcoholic beverages
85
Welfare state
- a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
