Quiz 2 - Short Answers Flashcards
WW I continued
Reasons people enlisted in the military?
People signed up to join the war because they wanted a sense of adventure and change, they wanted to feel like heroes, the romanticism of war and they wanted to make the people they know proud of them. They expected the war to be exciting and action filled and a chance to prove themselves when in reality it was gruesome and would leave many with terrible memories between the fighting and the living conditions.
Speeches of Borden and Laurier
P.M. Robert Borden
Borden emphasized the necessity of a large-scale military and industrial contribution, advocating for conscription to maintain Canadian forces over seas. He led a vast mobilization effort and faced controversies over conscription, which deeply divided the country
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
As the opposition leader, Laurier supported the war effort but strongly opposed conscription and other government policies. He advocated for greater national autonomy within the Empire and faced challenges due to his principled stance against compulsory service
How minority groups were discriminate against joining the military
Women were not permitted to fight in WW1 because they were considered too frail and emotional. So they were encouraged to stay home and support the soldiers. If women joined the services they worked as nurse and ambulance drivers behind the front lines
Aboriginal people were not accepted to join the Canadian forces and reluctant to take African and Japanese Canadian. These people who belonged to the groups had to overcome racist attitudes. to join, and they had little promoted men
Sam Hughes - role positives and negatives
Positives
Eng-Can, got respected
The first military base Valcartier to train Can soldiers (still in use)
Negatives
Fr-Can, Sam Hughes hates Fr-Can
Training was so bad that the Can soldier had to be re-trained by the Br
Did not have enough tents and clothes
River became polluted because Sam Hughes put the bathroom right next to the river
The articles of the WWA
The articles of the War Measures Act were censoring, and suppressing publications, maps, plans, photographs, communications and means of communication, they could arrest, detain, exclude and deport persons, they could control harbours, ports, territorial waters of Canada and the movements of vessels, they could control the transport of persons and things by land, air, or water and they could appropriate and dispose of property and the use thereof.
Positives and negatives of the WWA - Why the government did it (positive), effect on people (negative)
Positives
Help keep the morale up in the country
Keeps everyone on the same page
Keep Can. safe from spies
Negatives
The gov. Is lying to you (no free press)
The gov. Can pick what can be showed in the press
They censored facts about the war from that the soldiers letters they wrote home
The gov. can arrest, detain, exclude, and deport people
Schlieffen Plan - do it in a T chart - the plan vrs the reality (Failure)
The Schlieffen Plan was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise their forces near the German border. The execution of the Schlieffen Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany on August 4th, 1914
Steps
* Ger. will attack Fr. going through Bel. (The Caesar of Ger. ask the king of Bel. to go through Bel to attack Fr.. The king of Bel said no.)
* Close the coastal port so Br. can’t send troops
* Circle down on Paris from the north
* Pull the Fr. military to the Ger. broader than attack Paris and take over Paris
* Put the Ger. army on trains to the Rus. border.
Observation
* Bel. has to let them through
* Br. has to be neutral or not join in
* Fr. army has to be pulled to the Ger. border and not know what’s happening in Bel
* Rus need to take 6 weeks to get ready for battle and to be at the border
Reality/Failure
* Ger. had to fight their way through Bel
* Ger. did not have time to close the ports so Br. landed troops
* Ger. went/had to go straight to Paris
* Fr. raised back to defend Paris (The river of mash is where the Br, Fr, and Ger armies meet, right by Paris and were in a stalemate (lasted 4 years)
* Rus. was ready in 10 days (Ger had to send half their men to Rus.)
*
Trench Conditions - explain and state how it was treated. (If there is no treatment is not part of the answer)
Problems
**Rats **- infested the trenches and there were millions of them everywhere.
**Lice **- head lice was a major problem and it even infested their clothes. It also caused trench fever, a painful sickness.
Trench Foot - a disease of the foot that you would contract from standing in the trenches, where there was a lot of water. The socks would hold the water onto your feet and cause them to get infected.
Shellshock - which is also known as PTSD - affected a lot of men. They contracted this illness because of the conditions of the battles and the trenches.
Solutions
**Rats ** -There was no permanent solution to get rid of the rats
**Lice ** - The men would often shave their heads so the lice couldn’t live there and would wash their clothes whenever they could.
Trench Foot - You could change into warm and dry socks whenever you could. You could also cover your feet with oil.
Shellshock - There is no way to actually get rid of shellshock but back then they thought that shock therapy would make the soldiers feel better. Nowadays they do psychotherapy and talk about how they feel with a counsellor.
The 2nd Battle of Ypres - what happened, what did Canadians do, what reputation did they earn?
This was the battle where the Germans used chlorine gas for the first time on the Allied. Firsted they gassed the French trenches and they had to retrated. And the Canadian troops had to defend Kitchener’s Woods. Then they gassed the Canadians, but they urinated on a handkerchief and were mostly safe from the chlorine gas and stayed in their trenches. Lastly the Germans gas the British trenches which caused them to retreat. Later that night the Germans thought no one was in the trenches. But when they got close enough the Canadians troops across all of the trenches shot them with their machine guns. The Canadians were able to hold the line for three days until they got support. Because of this battle the Canadians got a reputation for their courage/bravery.
Different types of poison gasses, identifying traits, symptoms/effects
1. Tear Gas
* Irritate eyes
* Intended to Irritate eyes causing them to go blind for a short period of time
**2. Chlorine Gas **
* greenish-yellow cloud that smells of bleach
* immediately irritates the eyes, nose, lungs, and throat of those exposed to it. At high enough doses it kills by asphyxiation.
3. Phosgene gas
* Colourless gas that smelled like a mouldy hay
* extensively during WWI as a choking (pulmonary) agent. This gas was so heavy and it did not move across the battlefield so it was mixed with chlorine gas. It was called white star gas because that was the symbol on the shells where this gas was keeped.
**4. White Star Gas **
* Advancing armies also used a mixture of chlorine and phosgene
* killed its victim within 48 hours of the attack.
**5. Mustard Gas **
* In pure liquid form this is colourless, but in WWI impure forms were used, which had a mustard colour with an odour reminiscent of garlic or horseradish.
* Cause blisters and scarring of the tissue inside (the lungs) and outside the body. You had to wash it off within 30 min because the blistering of the skin world settle. This gas could cling to the ground for days
New Battlefield technology and the positive and negative of each
**1. Ross Rifle **
+Good sniper
-Used different bullets
-Easily jammed when dirty or change of temperature
-If you lost it you had to pay the government for it
2. Macadam Shovel
+A good shovel
-It was almost impossible to use
-The hole got filled by mud
-Hard to push it into the ground to use the hole
3. Machine Gun
+Could fire 400-600 rounds per min
+One machine gun is worth 60-100 rifles
-Where very heavy (30-60kg)
-Early Machine guns overheated
4.Poison Gas
+Quickly infected people
-If change of wind it would go back to you
Label trench diagram
Barbed Wire
Stops enemy from getting into your trench
Parapet/Sandbags
To stop enemy machine guns bullet from hitting
Elbow Rest
A place to rest your elbow when shooting
Ammunition Shelf
Stores extra ammunition
Firestep
Stand on so you can fire out of the trench
Duckboards
Keeps you above the water to keep you dryish
Sump
Drains the water from the trench
Dugout
Area to rest and sleep
