HISTORY FINAL TERMS - AFTER WWII

Question 1

Activists

Answer 1

• a person who uses or supports strong actions (such as public protests) to help make changes in politics or society

Question 2

Baby Boomers

Answer 2

• is a person born in the years 1946 to 1964 due to the increase of birth rates after WWII Canada’s birth rate ballooned from the end of the Second World War until about 1965, thanks to improving economic conditions and a related trend over the same period toward larger families. The result was a 20-year bulge in the population known as the baby boom

Question 3

CD

Answer 3

• civil defence plan/force, an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from human-made and natural disasters.

Question 4

CND

Answer 4

• The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) The elimination of British nuclear weapons and global abolition of nuclear weapons (made the peace sign)

Question 5

Counter Culture

Answer 5

• a subculture, especially of young people, with values or lifestyles that are in opposition to those of the dominant established culture

Question 6

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 6

• The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba

Question 7

Deterrence

Answer 7

• aimed mainly at preventing aggression by the hostile Communist power centres

Question 8

Draft resister/Dodger

Answer 8

• citizens who refuse to join the army to fight in a war during conscription

Question 9

Dew line - Distant Early Warning Line

Answer 9

• radar stations in Northern Canada Set up between 1958 - 1960 to defect Soviet Activity over the North Pole

Question 10

Emergency Act

Answer 10

The Emergencies Act is a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1988 which authorises the Government of Canada to take extraordinary temporary measures to respond to public welfare emergencies, public order emergencies, international emergencies and war emergencies. The law replaces the War Measures Act passed in 1914.

Question 11

FLQ

Answer 11

• Front de liberation du Quebec is revolutionary movement founded to work for an independent socialist Quebec

Question 12

Generation GAP

Answer 12

• The term “generation gap” was coined in the 1960s to describe the significant differences in beliefs, values, and behaviours between younger and older generations, particularly between baby boomers (youth) and their parents

Question 13

INF Treaty

Answer 13

• The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union. US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev signed the treaty on 8 December 1987

Question 13

Hippies

Answer 13

“Hippies” is a term used to describe young people who participated in the 1960s counterculture movement, which originated in the United States and spread throughout Canada in the second half of that decade. Hippies were part of the “baby boom” generation, born immediately following the end of the Second World War. This demographic wave was significant enough to transform Canadian society; by the mid-1960s more than half of Canada’s population of 20 million was under the age of 25.

Question 13

ICBM’s

Answer 13

-Inter Continental Ballistic Missile - Those are launched from individual underground silos

Question 14

Iron Curtain

Answer 14

• The Iron Curtain was a political, military, and ideological barrier that divided Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. It symbolised the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allies.

Question 15

MAD

Answer 15

• Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy which posits that a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by an attacker on a nuclear-armed defender with second-strike capabilities would result in the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

Question 16

Maître chez nous

Answer 16

• The slogan was “Maîtres chez nous” (Masters of our own house). The goal was for francophones to take leadership positions in Quebec and to guide Quebec into the future. The goal was met. The Quiet Revolution contributed to changing Quebec, and Canada, forever.

Question 17

Militant

Answer 17

• engaged in warfare or combat

Question 18

MIRV

Answer 18

• Multiples independently Target Re-enters Vehicles - One missile that can fit several warheads that it can release so each can go to its own target, Even if 1 in 8 missiles is missed by defending forces that one missile can launch towards coastal targets

Question 19

NATO

Answer 19

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization - the mutual defence organisation set up to protect several Western European countries, Canada and the US from possible aggression from the USSR after the Second World War. The 12 founding members of the alliance were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Question 20

NORAD

Answer 20

• North American Aerospace Defence Command - a defence agreement signed in1958 between Canada and the US

Question 21

NUTS

Answer 21

-Nuclear utilisation target selection theory, or NUTs: Developed in the 1980s. Was a theory President Reagan believed in. He thought a limited nuclear war was possible as long as the USA struck the USSR first and wiped out its nuclear weapons.

Question 22

Proliferation

Answer 22

• the spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons technology, or fissile material to countries that do not already possess them.

Question 23

Proxy war

Answer 23

• are conflicts in which a third party intervenes indirectly in a pre-existing war in order to influence the strategic outcome in favour of its preferred faction.The superpowers were also involved in so-called “proxy wars” – conflicts where they supplied and supported one side, without American or Soviet troops being directly involved. Four major proxy wars of the Cold War, including the Korean War, the Vietnamese War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Afghan-Soviet War.

Question 24

Quiet Revolution

Answer 24

• a period of rapid change and reform that modernised Quebec society during the years 1960 to 1966 under the Liberal provincial government Jean Lesage

Question 25

SALT

Answer 25

• The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were a series of bilateral conferences and international treaties signed between the United States and the Soviet Union. These treaties had the goal of reducing the number of long-range ballistic missiles (strategic arms) that each side could possess and manufacture.

Question 26

Separatists

Answer 26

a person who separates, withdraws, or secedes, as from an established church. (Many people from Quebec wanted to separate for Canada)

Question 27

SLBM

Answer 27

• Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles - Nuclear Submarines can sit offshore and fire towards coastal targets

Question 28

Special Status

Answer 28

is a method used historically to deal with Quebec’s distinct culture and a formula proposed since the 1960’s by which Quebec would be given further special considerations and powers so that its distinct culture could be protected and developed while continuing to be part of the Canadian federal system.

Question 29

Star Wars Program

Answer 29

-The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed the Star Wars program, was a proposed missile defence system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic nuclear missiles.

Question 30

Super Power

Answer 30

• the term used to refer to the US and USSR in the post-war period when both were engaged in building up a powerful arsenal of weapons of Mass Destruction.

Question 31

Survivance

Answer 31

La Survivance is an expression used by French Canadians denoting the phlegmatic survival of francophone culture, typically in the face of Canadian anglophone or Anglo-American hegemony.

Question 32

UNICEF

Answer 32

• United Nations Children’s Fund - UN organisation that works to protect children’s right to make sure the basic needs of children are met and to help children reach their full potential originally called the United Nations International Children Emergency Fund

Question 33

WARSAW Pact

Answer 33

• a post WWII military alliance established in 1955 involving the Soviet Union and the Soviet-bloc countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania

Question 34

WHO

Answer 34

• World Health Organization - the United Nations health organisation responsible for providing leadership for global health