Test II: Plasma Membrane and Cytoskeleton

Question 0

3 types of cytoskeleton

Answer 0

• microfilaments
• intermediate filaments
• microtubules

Question 1

Structural proteins for shape and strength

Answer 1

Cytoskeleton

Question 2

Thin filaments composed of the protein actin

Answer 2

Microfilaments

Question 3

Function of microfilaments

Answer 3

• provide additional mechanical strength
• interact with proteins for consistency
• pair with thick filaments of myosin for muscle movement

Question 4

Type of cytoskeleton that is midsized between microfilaments and thick filaments

Answer 4

Intermediate filaments

Question 5

Functions and characteristics of intermediate filaments

Answer 5

Durable (collagen)
Strengthen cell and maintain shape
Stabilize organelles
Stabilize cell position

Question 6

Type of cytoskeleton with large, hollow tubes of tubulin protein

Answer 6

Microtubules

Question 8

Functions of microtubules

Answer 8

Attach to centrosome
Strengthen cell and anchor organelles
Change cell shape
Move vesicles within cell (kinesin and dynein)
Form spindle apparatus

Question 9

Structure of antibodies in the immune system

Answer 9

2 heavy chains+ 2 light chains
disulfide bonds
2 antigen binding sites

Question 10

Isotypes of antibodies

Answer 10

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

Question 11

Which structure produces the antibodies?

Answer 11

B lymphocytes

Question 12

Antibody Production

Answer 12

1. Inject antigen (i.e. purified protein)
   into animal (i.e. mouse, rabbit, chicken)
2. Animal produces antibodies that recognize antigen

Question 13

Derived from multiple B-cell clones,

recognize multiple epitopes on antigens

Answer 13

Polyclonal antibodies:

Question 14

unique part of antigen recognized by antibody

Answer 14

epitope

Question 15

Process of producing antibodies to a specific antigen

Answer 15

1. Inject animal with antigen
2. Collect blood serum
3. Purify antibodies w/ affinity chromatography using antigen attached to beads

Question 16

• Derived from B-cell clone “Hybridoma”

* Recognize single epitope on antigen

Answer 16

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 17

Identification of protein antigen following SDS-PAGE

Answer 17

Western blotting (Immunoblotting)

Question 18

Isolation of specific proteins + binding partners

Answer 18

Immunoprecipitation

Question 19

Localization of specific proteins in cells

Answer 19

Immunofluorescence microscopy

Question 20

Detection of proteins in a sample

Answer 20

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)