Test II: Body Structures-Neural and Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
Collections of cell and cell products that perform specific, limited functions
Tissue
Hierarchy of body structures
Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism
4 types of tissue
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Neural tissue
Functions of epithelial tissue
- covers exposed surfaces
- lines internal passageways
- forms glands
Functions of connective tissue
- fills internal spaces
- supports other tissues
- transports materials
- stores energy
Functions of muscle tissue
- specialized for contraction
- skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs
Functions of neural tissue (nervous/nerve tissue)
- Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another
- specialized for conducting electrical pulses
- rapidly senses internal or external environment
- processes information ad controls responses
Where is the neural tissue concentrated?
The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Two types of neural cells
Neurons and neuroglia
Type of neural cell that perform electrical communication
Neurons/nerve cells
Type of neural cell that are supporting cells which repair and supply nutrients to neurons
Neuroglia
Functions of neuroglia
- maintain physical structure of tissues
- repair tissue framework after injury
- perform phagocytosis
- provide nutrients to neurons
- regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons
Part of neuron that conducts information to other cells
Axon
Part of neuron that are contacted by other neurons
Dendrites
Unequal charge across the plasma membrane
Transmembrane potential
How are information transmitted?
Within each and between neurons
Created when charges are separated
Potential difference
What is the range of the resting potential?
-10 mV to -100mV depending on cell type
70mV different between the inside and outside the cell
Resting potential
Electrical charge across the membrane
membrane potential
Exchanges three Na+ ions for 2 K+ ions
Sodium-potassium pump
How does the resting potential exists?
Ions are concentrated on different sides of membrane:
- Na+ and Cl- outside the cell
- K+ and organic anions inside the cell
How is the resting potential maintained?
Na+ ions are actively transported (this uses energy)