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Cell Biology > Test I: Cell Membrane, Transport and Signaling > Flashcards

Test I: Cell Membrane, Transport and Signaling Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division;

organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton

A

Centrioles

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2
Q

What is the centriole composed of?

A

Composed of 9 microtubule triplets in a 9+0 array

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3
Q

Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes

A

Cytoskeleton

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4
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton

A

Strength and support;

movement of cellular structures and materials

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5
Q

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates

A

Plasma membrane

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6
Q

Functions of plasma membrane

A
  • Physical isolation (barrier)
  • Protection
  • Sensitivity (extracellular fluid composition and chemical signals)
  • Support (anchors cells and tissues)
  • Controls entry of ions and nutrients and exit of materials (wastes and cellular products)
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7
Q

Liquid that helps distribute materials by diffusion

A

Cytosol

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8
Q

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

A

Microvilli

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9
Q

Function of microvilli

A

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extra-cellular materials

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10
Q

Long extensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array

A

Cilia

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11
Q

Function of cilia

A

Movement of material over cell surface

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12
Q

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at their ends

A

Proteasomes

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13
Q

Functions of proteasomes

A

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

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14
Q

RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum, some free
scattered in cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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16
Q

Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers

A

Golgi apparatus

17
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A

Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

18
Q

Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enzymes

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

Functions of mitochondria

A

Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell

20
Q

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

21
Q

Functions of ER

A

Synthesis of secretory products

intracellular storage and transport

22
Q

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

A

Rough ER

23
Q

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

A

Smooth ER

24
Q

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

A

Peroxisomes

25
Q

Functions of peroxisomes

A

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds;
neutralization of toxic compounds generated in
the process

26
Q

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens

28
Q

A watery medium that surrounds a cell

A

Extracellular Fluid (Interstitial Fluid)

29
Q

Separates cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid

A

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

30
Q

Consists of a bilayer with hydrophilic heads and a hydrophobic tails

A

Phospholipid bilayer

31
Q

Proteins within the membrane

A

integral proteins

32
Q

Proteins bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane

A

peripheral proteins

33
Q

Proteins that attach to inside or outside structures; stabilizers

A

anchoring proteins

34
Q

Proteins that label cells as normal or abnormal; identifiers

A

recognition proteins

35
Q

Catalyze reactions

A

enzymes

36
Q

Proteins that bind and respond to ligands (ions, hormones)

A

receptor proteins

37
Q

Proteins that transport specific solutes through membrane

A

carrier proteins

38
Q

Regulate water flow and solutes through

membrane

A

channel

39
Q

Membrane carbohydrates

A

Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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