Test I: Cell Membrane, Transport and Signaling

Question 1

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division;

organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton

Answer 1

Centrioles

Question 2

What is the centriole composed of?

Answer 2

Composed of 9 microtubule triplets in a 9+0 array

Question 3

Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton

Question 4

Functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 4

Strength and support;

movement of cellular structures and materials

Question 5

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Answer 5

Plasma membrane

Question 6

Functions of plasma membrane

Answer 6

• Physical isolation (barrier)
• Protection
• Sensitivity (extracellular fluid composition and chemical signals)
• Support (anchors cells and tissues)
• Controls entry of ions and nutrients and exit of materials (wastes and cellular products)

Question 7

Liquid that helps distribute materials by diffusion

Answer 7

Cytosol

Question 8

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments

Answer 8

Microvilli

Question 9

Function of microvilli

Answer 9

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extra-cellular materials

Question 10

Long extensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 + 2 array

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

Function of cilia

Answer 11

Movement of material over cell surface

Question 12

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at their ends

Answer 12

Proteasomes

Question 13

Functions of proteasomes

Answer 13

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

Question 14

RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum, some free
scattered in cytoplasm

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 15

Function of ribosomes

Answer 15

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers

Answer 16

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

Question 18

Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enzymes

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Functions of mitochondria

Answer 19

Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell

Question 20

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 20

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 21

Functions of ER

Answer 21

Synthesis of secretory products

intracellular storage and transport

Question 22

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

Answer 22

Rough ER

Question 23

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

Answer 23

Smooth ER

Question 24

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Answer 24

Peroxisomes

Question 25

Functions of peroxisomes

Answer 25

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process

Question 26

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

Answer 26

Lysosomes

Question 27

Function of lysosomes

Answer 27

Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens

Question 28

A watery medium that surrounds a cell

Answer 28

Extracellular Fluid (Interstitial Fluid)

Question 29

Separates cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid

Answer 29

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

Question 30

Consists of a bilayer with hydrophilic heads and a hydrophobic tails

Answer 30

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 31

Proteins within the membrane

Answer 31

integral proteins

Question 32

Proteins bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane

Answer 32

peripheral proteins

Question 33

Proteins that attach to inside or outside structures; stabilizers

Answer 33

anchoring proteins

Question 34

Proteins that label cells as normal or abnormal; identifiers

Answer 34

recognition proteins

Question 35

Catalyze reactions

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

Proteins that bind and respond to ligands (ions, hormones)

Answer 36

receptor proteins

Question 37

Proteins that transport specific solutes through membrane

Answer 37

carrier proteins

Question 38

Regulate water flow and solutes through | membrane

Answer 38

channel

Question 39

Membrane carbohydrates

Answer 39

Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids