Test II: Muscle Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

A primary tissue type, divided into:
• Skeletal muscle tissue
• Cardiac muscle tissue
• Smooth muscle tissue

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2
Q

How does muscle fibers develop?

A

Muscle fibers develop through the fusion of

mesodermal cells called myoblasts.

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3
Q

Lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fiber
– Made up of bundles of protein filaments
(myofilaments)

A

myofibrils

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4
Q

Protein filaments responsible for muscle contraction

A

Myofilaments

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5
Q

Types of myofilaments:

A

• Thin filaments
– Made of the protein actin
• Thick filaments
– Made of the protein myosin

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6
Q

– The contractile units of muscle
– Structural units of myofibrils
– Form visible patterns within myofibrils

A

Sarcomeres

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7
Q

Alternating dark, thick filaments within myofibrils

A

A bands

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8
Q

light, thin filaments within myofibrils

A

I bands

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9
Q

Parts of the A band

A

M line
H Band
Zone of overlap

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10
Q

– The center of the A band

– At midline of sarcomere

A

M line

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11
Q

– The area around the M line

– Has thick filaments but no thin filaments

A

H Band

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12
Q

– The densest, darkest area on a light micrograph

– Where thick and thin filaments overlap

A

Zone of overlap

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13
Q

Parts of the I band

A

Z lines and titin

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14
Q

– The centers of the I bands

– At two ends of sarcomere

A

Z lines

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15
Q

– Are strands of protein
– Reach from tips of thick filaments to the Z line
– Stabilize the filaments

A

Titin

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16
Q
  • Is two twisted rows of globular G-actin

* The active sites on G-actin strands bind to myosin

A

F-actin (filamentous actin) (Thin Filament)

17
Q

• Holds F-actin strands together

A

Nebulin (thin filament)

18
Q
  • Is a double strand

* Prevents actin–myosin interaction

A

Tropomyosin (thin filament)

19
Q
  • A globular protein
  • Binds tropomyosin to G-actin
  • Controlled by Ca2+
A

Troponin (thin filament)

20
Q

– A membranous structure surrounding each
myofibril
– Helps transmit action potential to myofibril
– Similar in structure to smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
– Forms chambers (terminal cisternae) attached
to T tubules

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

21
Q

Part of the SR that is formed by one T tubule and two terminal cisternae

A

Triad

22
Q

function of cisternae

A

– Concentrate Ca2+ (via ion pumps)
– Release Ca2+ into sarcomeres to begin muscle
contraction

23
Q

Initiating Contraction

A

– Ca2+ binds to receptor on troponin molecule
– Troponin–tropomyosin complex changes
– Exposes active site of F-actin

24
Q

– Contain about 300 twisted myosin subunits
– Contain titin strands that recoil after
stretching

A

Thick Filaments

25
Q

The mysosin molecule

A
The mysosin molecule
• Tail
– Binds to other myosin molecules
• Head
– Made of two globular protein subunits
– Reaches the nearest thin filament
26
Q

Myosin Action

A

– During contraction, myosin heads:
• Interact with actin filaments, forming crossbridges
• Pivot, producing motion

27
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

• Thin filaments of sarcomere slide toward M line,
alongside thick filaments
• The width of A zone stays the same
• Z lines move closer together

28
Q

Skeletal Muscle Contraction

A
The process of contraction
• Neural stimulation of sarcolemma
Causes excitation–contraction
coupling
• Muscle fiber contraction
– Interaction of thick and thin filaments
• Tension production
29
Q

Excitation–Contraction Coupling

A
– Action potential reaches a triad
• Releasing Ca2+
• Triggering contraction
– Requires myosin heads to be in “cocked”
position
• Loaded by ATP energy