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Edmonton Fire PRECIS > Test Final > Flashcards

Test Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of rope bags carried on a rescue?

A
  1. Red Bag (Main line/ Break line)
  2. Blue Bag (Belay Bag)
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2
Q

2 types of rope construction materials?

A
  1. Nylon Synthetic Fibers 2. Polyolefin
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3
Q

5 Types of rope construction?

A
  1. Laid Rope 2. Braid Rope 3. Double Braid Rope 4. Plaited Rope 5. Kernmantle Rope
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4
Q

3 utility ropes used by EFRS?

A
  1. Guideline (lifeline) coils - 6mm/ 30m Nylon Fibreglass Kernmantle 2. Walk up apartment drop bag - 10mm/20m Nylon Double braided 3. Heavy utility rope - 16mm/45m Double braided
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5
Q

What are the dimensions of the life safety rope?

A

13mm / 60m (tech rescue 13mm/100m

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6
Q

5 Rope sizes and their strength?

A
  1. 6mm / 9.7 kn 2. 8mm / 14 kn 3. 9mm / 16 kn 4. 11.1 mm / 27kn 5. 13 mm / 46kn
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7
Q

What webbings are included in the rescue bag?

A
  1. 2x Green 1.5m 2. 2x Yellow 3.5m 3. 1x blue 4.5m 4. 2x red 6m 25mm tubular webbing rated to 17.5kn
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8
Q

3 parts of the rope?

A
  1. Working end (used to form the tie) 2. Standing part ( part of the rope used for descent and ascent) 3. Running end (unused rope left in the bag)
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9
Q

3 tying terms?

A
  1. Bight (a section of the rope doubled on itself without crossing) 2. Loop (the rope crosses itself to form a circle) 3. Round turn ( the rope is wrapped two or more times on itself)
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10
Q

3 groups of ties?

A
  1. Knots (rope intertwined within itself to form a predetermined configuration) 2. Bends ( used to join two pieces of rope together) 3. Hitches ( a configuration of rope that needs an object within to retain its integrity)
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11
Q
  1. Low stretch rope has less than —% elongation and high stretch rope has more than —–% elongation. 2. The mantle of the rope accounts for—- to—-% of the strength of the rope.
A
  1. 5/10 2. 10/15
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12
Q

Name 4 uses for utility rope?

A
  1. Tag lines 2. Tow lines 3. High Rise drop bag 4. Vehicle stabalization
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13
Q

5 Types of rope construction?

A
  1. Laid Rope 2. Braid Rope 3. Double Braid Rope 4. Plaited Rope 5. Kernmantle Rope
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14
Q

What are the advantages of a Solid Stream?

A
  1. Gretaer visibility
  2. Better reach and better penetration than other types of streams
  3. Reduced nozzle pressure per litre make for easier handling
  4. Normal thermal layering is less likely to be disturbed during interior structural attack, thus increasing your personal safety.
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15
Q

Define Hypergolic?

A

Hypergolics ignite when they come into contact with each other.

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16
Q

Define Ventilation?

A

Ventilation, as applied to firfighting, is the planned and systematic, release and remval of heated air, smoke and toxic gases from a confined area and the controlled replacement of these products of combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh air.

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17
Q

What does the colour of smoke indicate and what product?

A
  1. Dark Smoke can often indicate fuel rich conditions due to restricted air supply. (hydrocarbons/ synthetic materials)
  2. Brown Smoke indicates that wood has reached ignition temperatures, signals a compartment fire has now become a structure fire, Materials critical strength has been compromised.

“Black Fire” - smoke that is high-volume, turbulent velocity, ultra dense and black. Black fire is a sure sign of impending auto ignition and flashover. Temperatures of more than 1000F! treat black fire as actual flames.

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18
Q

What are the 5 types of building construction?

A
  1. Type 1 (Fire resistive construction)
  2. Type 2 (Noncombustible or limited combustible construction)
  3. Type 3 (Ordinary Construction)
  4. Type 4 (Heavy Timber Construction)
  5. Type 5 (Wood Frame Construction)
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19
Q

Factors that will affect Fog Streams?

A
  1. Velocity
  2. Wind
  3. Gravity
  4. Air Friction
  5. Pattern
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20
Q

Name 3 differnet types of loads?

A
  1. Impact loads are sudden, one time, short term bursts of pressure that can produce very high stresses, especially when applied laterally.
  2. Static loads are gradual or constant pressures applied over long term
  3. Repeated loads are pressures applied intermittently over a period of time.
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21
Q

Dead or live loads, wether static, impact or repeated will produce internal forces or loads within structural members, which are? (4)

A
  1. Compression loads squeeze and shorten a member
  2. Tensile Loads pull apart or lengthen a member
  3. Shear loads cause the planes of the member to slide past one another.
  4. Concentrated loads are focused in one small area, rather than spread across the length of the structural member
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22
Q

Three directions of loads?

A
  1. Axial loads
  2. Eccentric loads
  3. Torsional loads
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23
Q

What is a party wall?

A

A load bearing wall that sits on the property line between two buildings and is shared by both is called a party wall.

Quite often, these walls also serve as fire seperation and extend through the building from foundation to parapet.

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24
Q

What are the 4 forms of heat transfer?

A
  1. Through walls by heat conduction through pipes or beams 2. Through hallways or corridors by convection, radiation, or direct flame contact
  2. Through open spaces by radiation or convection
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25
Q

There are 10 Command functions that assist Command in performing their responsibilities.

A
  1. Assume an effective command position and confirm operations.
  2. Rapidly size-up the situation.
  3. Initiate, maintain and control the communications process.
  4. Identify the overall strategy and develop an attack plan and assign crews.
  5. Develop an effective fire ground organization.
  6. Provide continuing command within the framework of department standard operating procedures.
  7. Coordinate the transfer of command as required.
  8. Review, evaluate, and revise attack plan as required.
  9. Request and assign additional crews as required.
  10. Terminate operations/command and return crews to service.
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26
Q

Big gate position
Duties of Big Gate for the purpose of laying a supply line in a forward lay.

A
  1. Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE carrying a radio.
  2. Remove the hydrant gate from the rear of the apparatus.
  3. Wrap 125 mm hose around the hydrant.
  4. Stand on the hose and signal small gate when ready.
  5. When the apparatus is stopped or when it is safe to do so, remove steamer cap from hydrant.
  6. Inspect the barrel of hydrant and connect gate.
  7. Ensure that the drain valve on hydrant gate is in the open position.
  8. Radio or signal driver or sector officer that you are ready to turn on the hydrant.
  9. Open hydrant when ordered by driver or sector officer, close drain valve.
  10. Gather tools, remove kinks in the hose and report to your officer for reassignment.
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27
Q

What does OSB stand for?

A

Oriented Strand Board

28
Q

What is the definition of forcible entry?

A

The act of gaining access to a structure through means other than an open window or door using applied techniques and available tools which aid in reducing unnecessary damage to the occupancy or compromising structural integrity

29
Q

What Factors do we have to take into account for forcible entry?

A
  1. Type of construction
  2. Available access to the doors, windows, or walls
  3. Available tools
  4. Time
30
Q

What 4 things do we look for when reading smoke?

A
  1. Volume
  2. Velocity
  3. Density
  4. Colour
31
Q
  1. What length chain is on the Stihl 360/361?
  2. What chain is on the Stihl 460 RS?
A
  1. 16” carbide tipped chain
  2. 20” Tungsten, Carbide, Cobalt tipped chain
32
Q

What are the 4 types of doors?

A
  1. Swinging (inward /outward)
  2. Sliding
  3. Revolving
  4. Overhead
33
Q

Consider the following factors when deciding on forcible entry methods through a window?

A
  1. Requirements of the situation
  2. Time factor
  3. Safety of Personel
  4. Type of glazing
34
Q
  1. Define Flashpoint
  2. Define Fire point
A
  1. Flashpoint is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain combustion.
  2. Fire point is the temperature at which sufficient vapors are being generated to sustain the combustion reaction.
35
Q

What is Flashover?

A

Flashover is a very rapid transition from local burning of the contents within a compartment to widespread burning of all exposed fuels with that compartment.

36
Q

What are the precursors for a potential flashover?

A
  1. Free burning within the compartment.
  2. High temperatures - the smoke and heat force you to get down and a burst of wide fog at the ceiling has no water return indicating temperatures well above 1000C.
  3. Heavy dark smoke – the smoke is unburned fuel
  4. Rollover – a condition where the unburned fire gases that have accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate though the hot-gas layer or across the ceiling
37
Q

7 Factors that affect fire developement?

A
  1. Fuel Type
  2. Availability and location of additional fuels
  3. Compartment volume and ceiling height
  4. Ventilation oxygen Supply
  5. Thermal properties of the compartment
  6. Ambient conditions
  7. Fuel Load
38
Q

Define Auto Ignition Temperature?

A

The lowest temperature at which a combustible material will ignite without a external source of ignition.

39
Q

5 factors that affect wood’s ignition temp. and reaction to fire?

A
  1. Density of the wood
  2. Size and form of wood
  3. Moisture content
  4. Rate of preheating
  5. Ignition source
40
Q

5 Factors that affect the fog stream?

A
  1. Velocity
  2. Wind
  3. Gravity
  4. Air Friction
  5. Pattern
41
Q

what hose are carried on what EFRS Unit?

A

Chart

Chapter 12/ Page 24

42
Q

What is Fire?

A

Fire is an exothermic chemical reaction called combustion that releases energy in the form of heat and sometimes visible light. 13/5

43
Q

What is Combustion?

A

A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat while fire is a possible result of combustion.

44
Q

Infrared emitters can be broken down into 3 categories?

A
  1. Passive
  2. Active
  3. Direct
45
Q

There are 3 keys to effectively operate a TIC?

A
  1. Orientation
  2. Interpretation
  3. Communication
46
Q

Scanning priorities TIC?

A
  1. Scan the ceiling ( looking for temp variation and elevation)
  2. Scan the centre of the room (looking for exits and openings)
  3. Scanning the floor (Looking for hazards and victims)
  4. Scan behing as you progress to ensure nothing is missed.
47
Q

5 collapse patterns?

A
  1. Lean to
  2. Vee -shaped
  3. A-Frame
  4. Pancake
  5. Cantilever
48
Q

When a fire is ventilation controlled, ——————– will determine the speed and extend of the fire developement and the direction of travel?

A

The available air supply

49
Q

Compartment fires!

  1. When fuelm is limited, the fire is ———-
  2. When oxygen is limited, the fire is —————–
A
  1. Fuel controlled
  2. Ventilation controlled
50
Q

When you find a downed FF, what does PACCAN stand for?

A
  1. Pass Alarm
  2. Air Assessment
  3. Communicate
  4. Conditions
  5. Actions
  6. Needs
51
Q

What are 3 sources of heat?

A
  1. Friction
  2. Friction sparks
  3. Adiabatic
52
Q

What is the purpose of building search?

A

The purpose of building search is to locate and rescue victims, to find, extinguish and report fire extensions.

53
Q

The incident command manual dictates that the tactical priorities in the order by which they should be carried out are?

A
  1. Safety
  2. Rescue
  3. Fire Control
  4. Salvage
54
Q

Define Primary search?

A

An initial search to all involved and exposed areas that can be entered. Crews must go quickly to all affected areas and verify the removal or safety of all occupants

55
Q

Define secondary search?

A

Once the fire is under control and primary search is complete crews thoroughly search the interior of the fire area to verify the status of victims. This search is more calculated and deliberate. Thoroughness is more crucial than time.

56
Q

What is the purpose of the marking system?

A
  1. To clearly identify rooms that have be
    searched.
  2. To keep track of where crews are if they go
    missing
  3. To let a relief crew know how far the previous
    crew got if they were unable to finish their
    task.
57
Q

4 main respiratory Hazards?

A
  1. Smoke
  2. High Temp.
  3. O2 deficiency
  4. Toxins
58
Q

What are the 7 parts of the Incident Command Accountability Worksheet?

A
  1. Accountability
  2. Outline emergency site plan
  3. Plan of Attack
  4. Progress
  5. Available resources
  6. Transfer of command
  7. Final Report
59
Q

Define specific gravity?

A

Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of a liquid compared with the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.

60
Q

4 variables of flashover?

A
  1. Compartment size
  2. Insulation qualities
  3. Ceiling height
  4. Ventilation
61
Q

5 Backdraft indicators?

A
  1. Building indicators
  2. Smoke indicators
  3. Air flow indicators
  4. Heat indicators
  5. Flame indicators
62
Q

Smoke explosion is the ignition of a premixed pocket of fire gases and oxygen that may occur when an nignition source is introduced.

What are 4 characteristics of a smoke explosion?

A
  1. Smoke color is not an indicator.
  2. Can also involve cold smoke which gives a false sense of safety for rescue personnel.
  3. It involves a contained a layer of flammable smoke already existing within the limit of flammability
  4. All that is required is an IGNITION source
63
Q

The range of vapour mixture that will ignite when subjected to an ignition source is known as the ———- or the ———-.

A
  1. explosive range
  2. ignitable mixture
64
Q

Define Salvage?

A

Salvage in the fire service consists of those methods and operating procedures allied to firefighting which aid in reducing forcible entry, fire, water, and smoke damage during and after fires.

65
Q

What are the limitations of emergency decontamination?

A

Limitations of Emergency Decontamination

  1. Quick fix only
  2. May not remove all contaminants
  3. More thorough decontamination will have to follow
  4. Damages the environment
66
Q

STEL

A

Short term exposure limit

67
Q

Fire and explosion prevention measures include the following techniques or principles:

A
  1. Exclusion of ignition sources
  2. Exclusion of air (oxygen)
  3. Storage of liquids in closed containers or systems
  4. Ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapor within the flammable range
  5. Use of inert gas atmospheres instead of air.

Edmonton Fire PRECIS (34 decks)

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