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Edmonton Fire PRECIS > 13 Fire behavior > Flashcards

13 Fire behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter? 13/4

A

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

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2
Q

What are the 3 physical states of matter? 13/4

A
  1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas
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3
Q

Define physical change. 13/4

A

Physical change occurs when a substance remains chemically unchanged but changes in size, shape or appearance. (Water freezing).

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4
Q

Define chemical change. 13/4

A

Chemical change happens occurs when a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or more substance combining to form a compound. (rust).

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5
Q

What is energy? 13/4

A

Energy is the capacity to perform work.

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6
Q

What 2 forms can energy be classified in? 13/4

A
  1. Potential energy represents the amount of kinetic energy that an object can release at some point in the future. 2. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object.
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7
Q

Name 7 types of energy? 13/5

A
  1. Chemical 2. Thermal 3. Mechanical 4. Electrical 5. Light 6. Nuclear 7. Sound
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8
Q

The Law of Conservation of Mass states? 13/5

A

Mass and energy may be converted from one to another, but there is never any loss of total mass/energy.

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9
Q

Chemical reactions that release thermal energy or heat are? 13/5

A

Exothermic

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10
Q

Chemical reactions that absorb thermal energy or heat are? 13/5

A

Endothermic

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11
Q

What is pyrolysis? 13/5

A

The chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating.

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12
Q

What is vaporization? 13/5

A

The physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state.

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13
Q

Define piloted ignition! 13/6

A

It is the moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat (ignition) source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction. (Furnace pilot light, welders torch, smokers match)

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14
Q

Define Auto Ignition! 13/6

A

Is the initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame to ignite the fuel gases or vapours.

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15
Q

Define Auto Ignition Temperature! 13/6

A

The lowest temperature at which a combustible material will ignite without an external source of ignition.

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16
Q

Define Combustion! 13/6

A

Combustion is a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.

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17
Q

What are the 2 modes of combustion? 13/6

A
  1. Flaming 2. non-flaming
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18
Q

What are some products of combustion? 13/7

A
  1. Thermal energy 2. Smoke 3. Carbon Monoxide 4. Hydrogen Cyanide 5. Carbon Dioxide 6. Irritants 7. Flame
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19
Q

What are the parts of the fire tetrahedron? 13/8

A
  1. Heat 2. Fuel 3. Oxygen 4. Chemical chain reaction
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20
Q

The 3 most common sources of heat that result in the ignition of fuel are? 13/9

A
  1. Chemical 2. Electrical 3. Mechanical Energy
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21
Q

What is self heating? 13/9

A

Self heating ,a form of oxidation, is a chemical reaction that increases the temperature of a material without the addition of external heat.

22
Q

What is spontaneous ignition? 13/9

A

The initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological reaction that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material.

23
Q

3 Forms of Mechanical energy? 13/10

A
  1. Adiabatic compression 2. Friction 3. Friction sparks
24
Q

How does Heat transfer? 13/11

A

 Through walls by heat conduction through pipes or beams  Through hallways or corridors by convection, radiation, or direct flame contact  Through open spaces by radiation or convection

25
Q

Define Conduction? 13/11

A

The transfer of heat through or between two solids that are in direct contact.

26
Q

Define convection? 13/11

A

The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a fluid (liquid or gas)

27
Q

Define radiation? 13/12

A

The transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave, such as light waves, radio waves or X-rays without an intervening medium.

28
Q

Name 3 factors that influence the radiant heat transfer? 13/12

A
  1. Nature of exposed surface ( Dark, polished) 2. Distance between the heat source and the exposed surfaces. 3. Temperature difference between the heat source and exposed surfaces.
29
Q

Define Specific Gravity? 13/14

A

Specific gravity is the ratio of the given mass of a volume of a liquid compared with mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.

30
Q

Define vapour pressure? 13/14

A

Vapour pressure indicates how easily a substance with evaporate or go into air.

31
Q

Define Flashpoint? 13/14

A

Flashpoint is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapour to ignite, but not sustain combustion.

32
Q

What does Solubility describe? 13/14

A

The extend to which a substance will mix with water.

33
Q

What are polar solvents? 13/14

A

Substances that will mix readily with water.

34
Q

What are substances called that will mix in any porportion with water?

A

miscible

35
Q

Define Lower Explosive Limit? (LEL) 13/15

A

LEL can be defined as the lowest concetration of a combustible or flammable gas in air that will support combustion.

36
Q

Define Upper Explosive Limit? (UEL) 13/15

A

UEL is the highest concentration of a combustible or flammable gas in air that will support combustion.

37
Q

Combustion of the fuel / air mixture cannot take place below or above the _______________. 13/15

A

flammable range

38
Q

The range of vapour mixture that will ignite when subjected to an ignition source is known as the _______________ or the ________________. 13/15

A

explosive range or the ignitable mixture

39
Q

What is the minimum O2 content in an environment to support combustion? 13/15

A

14%

40
Q

4 stages of fire development? 13/18

A
  1. Incipient 2. Growth 3. Fully developed 4. Decay
41
Q

Define Thermal layering? 13/18

A

Thermal layering is the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature.

42
Q

7 factors that affect fire development? 13/19

A
  1. Fuel Type 2. Availability and location of additional fuels 3. Compartment volume and ceiling height 4. Ventilation / Oxygen supply 5. Thermal properties of the compartment 6. Ambient conditions 7. Fuel load
43
Q

Define Flashover? 13/22

A

Flashover is the very rapid transition from local burning of the contents within a compartment to widespread burning of all exposed fuels within that compartment.

44
Q

What is the flammable range of carbon monoxide and at what temp. does it ignite? 13/22

A

12.5% - 74% at 610 degrees celsius

45
Q

What are the 4 precursors for potential flashover? 13/23

A
  1. Free Burning 2. High temperatures 3. Heavy dark smoke 4. Rollover
46
Q

4 variables of flashover?

A
  1. Compartment size 2. Insulation qualities 3. Ceiling height 4. Ventilation
47
Q

5 indicators for a backdraft?

A
  1. Building indicators 2. Smoke indicators 3. Air flow indicators 4. Heat indicators 5. Flame indicators
48
Q

5 Factors that affect a backdraft?

A
  1. Volume of smoke 2.Degree of confinement 3. Pressure 4. Speed with which fuel and air is mixed 5. Location where ignition occurs
49
Q

Define Smoke Explosion? 13/25

A

It is the ignition of a premixed pocket of fire gases and oxygen that may occur when an ignition source is introduced.

50
Q

What temperature is required for a smoke explosion to occur? 13/25

A

600 C (otherwise it would have already experience auto ignition)

Edmonton Fire PRECIS (34 decks)

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