15 Fire Attack Flashcards
What are the 3 form of fire attack?
- direct
- combination
- indirect
When does direct fire attack work the most efficiently?
- When the stream can reach the seat of the fire
- When the thermal balance is stable and the products of combustion are at the uppermost levels of the structure
- Where the fire’s fuel is not enclosed
- When most of the fuel is in the smoldering stage
- When you cannot achieve immediate ventilation
What do we need to remember before continuously applying water to a fire?
Continuous water application will upset the thermal balance, forcing the heat and gases down to your working level.
When should an indirect exterior attack be considered?
From a Fire Command point, an indirect exterior attack may be considered a Defensive attack strategy until such time as more crews and equipment arrive allowing fire command to switch to an Offensive attack strategy.
Define Fire Stream?
A Fire stream can be defined as a stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves a fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point.
Advantages of a solid stream?
- Greater visibility
- Better reach and better penetration than other streams
- Reduced nozzle pressure per litre make for easier handling
- Normal thermal layering is less likely to be disturbed during an interior structural attack, thus increasing your personal safety level.
Factors that will effect fog streams?
- Velocity
- Gravity
- Pattern
- Air Friction
- Wind
What types of streams are commonly used for firefighting?
- Solid Stream
- Fog Stream
- Broken Stream
What is the point called when a fire stream looses its forward velocity?
Breakover point
At what angle does a fire stream reach furthest?
30 -34 degrees
T what angle does the stream attain its maximum vertical reach?
75 degrees
Which 4 factors indicate that a fire stream is properly applied?
- Darkening down
- White Smoke/ White Steam
- decreased visibility
- Rapid temperature fluctuation
What are the flowrates and pressures of the 4 Master stream appliances?
- Deck/Deluge Gun = 2650 LPM@ 700kpa newer units 500kpa
- Quick attack monitor 950-1400-1900 LPM @ 1034kpa
- Ladder: 7000LPM @ 1000kpa
- Quints: 5682 LPM @ 700kpa
Exposures are classified in two types?
- Interior exposures
2. Exterior exposures
How many times does water expand when turned into steam?
1700
Describe transitional attack?
An offensive fire attack initiated by an exterior indirect handline operation, into the fire compartment, to initiate cooling while transitioning into interior direct fire attack in coordination with ventilation operations.
Why use fog nozzles?
Fog streams can be adjusted to suit different circumstances and different amounts of water.
They absorb more heat than solid streams and aid in ventilation.
What is the primary nozzle on the EFD and what is its flow?
Akrom 4817, 44mm Assault Nozzle
550LMP @ 500kpa
What are Master stream appliances? and Types?
A master stream appliance is a large calibre device used primarily for defensive strategies.
Types are portable, fixed and elevated
What can cause defective streams?
- Insufficient pressure
- Too much pressure
- Defective tip (nozzle)
- Air in the line
5, Twist in hose near tip
what should the attack team do outside while waiting to advance?
Bleed of the air in the hose and test the pattern and stream range in preparation.
Size up the structure
What are the guidelines for hose selection?
- Fire load
- Type of material/ fuel involved
- Volume of water required to extinguish the fire
- Hose reach required
- Number of FF available
Factors that affect the severity of a backdraft
- Volume of smoke
- Degree of confinement
- Pressure
- Speed with which fuel and air is mixed
- Location where ignition occurs
