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Chemistry > Test 9 > Flashcards

Test 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Science of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use

A

Metallurgy

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2
Q

Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current

A

Electrolytes

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3
Q

The effect of changes on equilibrium systems is described by what principle

A

Le Chatelier’s

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4
Q

The study of reaction rates and pathways

A

Chemical kinetics

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5
Q

Minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

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6
Q

What is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?

A

Catalyst

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7
Q

Halogens used in the disinfection of drinking water and the synthesis of medicine, crop-protection chemicals, and PVC plastics

A

Chlorine

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8
Q

The most abundant element in the universe

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

Noble gas used as a lifting gas in airships and weather balloons, as an extremely low-temperature coolant, and as a laser medium

A

Helium

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10
Q

Isotopes are commonly called protium, deuterium, and tritium

A

Hydrogen

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11
Q

Extracted from the air and used to make artificial fertilizers and explosives

A

Nitrogen

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12
Q

A gas found in air that is necessary for the survival of humans and animals

A

Oxygen

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13
Q

Ozone is an allotrope of this element

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

Halogens used in dental hygiene and in the manufacture of refrigerants

A

Fluorine

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15
Q

Exists in an unstable white allotrope and a more stable red allotrope; used to make matches and some fertilizers

A

Phosphorus

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16
Q

Extracted from petroleum and natural gas by the Claus process; used to make an important industrial acid

A

Sulfur

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17
Q

Alkali metal found in lye, washing soda, baking soda, and table salt

A

Sodium

18
Q

The most abundant metal in the earths crust; a lightweight metal widely used to make aircraft, spacecraft, and beverage cans

A

Aluminum

19
Q

The second most abundant metal in the earths crust; the cheapest and most widely used metal

A

Iron

20
Q

The most malleable and ductile metal known

A

Gold

21
Q

Precious metal used in automotive and industrial catalyst

A

Platinum

22
Q

Most common semimetal; found in computer chips, glass, and sand

A

Silicon

23
Q

The metal most commonly refined by means do blast furnaces

A

Iron

24
Q

Alkaline earth metal the helps compose limestone, slaked lime, and cement

A

Calcium

25
Q

Metal used in electrical wiring and as a component of brass and bronze

A

Copper

26
Q

What change would not increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Diluting reactant concentrations

27
Q

A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions is said to be ____?

A

Saturated

28
Q

What theory states that when two molecules collide and chemically react they form a short-lived activated complex before breaking apart to form the products

A

Transition-state

29
Q

Catalyst statement

A

A catalyst increases the reaction rate by lowering the reaction’s activation energy

30
Q

The rate of a chemical reaction is usually measured as _____?

A

The change in concentration of a given substance per unit of time

31
Q

In a solution of sodium chloride in water, water is the _____?

A

Solvent

32
Q

Describe a system at equilibrium

A

Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal

33
Q

What is the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution?

A

Osmosis

34
Q

What is a mixture of two or more metals melted together

A

Alloy

35
Q

What is a mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out?

A

Colloid

36
Q

What can be expected if the chemical reaction is increased from 20°C to 30°C?

A

It doubles

37
Q

What type of substance will be more likely to dissolve in a polar solvent than in a nonpolar solvent

A

Polar

38
Q

What is a factor that causes change in an equilibrium system?

A

Stress

39
Q

Protein found in living things

A

Enzymes

40
Q

If a nonvolatile solute such as glucose is added to water what will happen to the boiling point?

A

It will increase

41
Q

When a gas is dissolved in water, decreasing the temperature tends to _____ the solubility of the gas?

A

It increases

Chemistry (12 decks)

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