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Chemistry > Test 6 > Flashcards

Test 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What property is used to predict whether a bond is primarily ionic or primarilybcovalent

A

Electrnegativity

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2
Q

What is not a difference between compounds and mixtures

A

Compounds are always homogeneous, but mixtures are always heterogenous

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3
Q

What causes the bright, colored lines in the spectrum of glowing hydrogen gas

A

Electrons dropping from higher to lower energy levels

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4
Q

What does absolute zero equal

A

0 K and -273.15°C

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5
Q

What is a he heat required to cause a unit rise in the temperature of a unit mass of a given substance

A

Specific heat

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6
Q

What equation is the usual form of the ideal gas law

A

PV=nRT

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7
Q

What type of bond results from the sharing of four electrons

A

Double bond

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8
Q

What term refers to very hard substances, such as diamond, silicon carbide, and quartz, that contain covalent bonds but do not consist of discrete molecules

A

Covalent networks

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9
Q

What is a covalent bond in which the bonding electron pair is pulled closer to the more electronegative element

A

Polar bond

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10
Q

What does the uncertainty principle state about the position and momentum of small particles

A

Position and momentum cannot b3 precisely measured simultaneously

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11
Q

What determines an atoms identity as an element

A

Number of protons

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12
Q

What principle states the elements tend to react chemically to achieve a noble gas electron configuration, whether by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons

A

Octet rule

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13
Q

Characterized by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms

A

Covalent bond

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14
Q

Type of chemical bond present between atoms in such substances as CaBr2 and NaCl

A

Ionic bond

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15
Q

Characterized by the sharing of valence electrons with many neighboring atoms

A

Metallic bond

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16
Q

Tends to produce solids that are malleable and ductile

A

Metallic bond

17
Q

Type of chemical bond present between atoms in such substance as NO and CH

A

Covalent bond

18
Q

Characterized by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

A

Ionic bond

19
Q

Type of chemical bond usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal atom

A

Ionic bond

20
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that _____ of the universe is always increasing

A

Entropy

21
Q

A molecule of CO2 in which two polar bonds point symmetrically in opposite directions is ____

A

Nonpolar

22
Q

What is the speed of light in a vacuum

A

3.00x10 m/s

23
Q

A solid whose particles are characterized by a regular, repeating, three-dimensional pattern is an _____ solid

A

Crystalline

24
Q

Atoms that are of the same element but differ in the number of particles in the nucleus are ____

A

Isotopes

25
Q

Kinetic energy is associated with an objects ____

A

Motion

26
Q

What is the simplest repeating unit in a crystal?

A

Unit cell

27
Q

Which of the three main particles that compose the atom has a negative charge

A

Electron

28
Q

What term refers to a binding situation in which electrons are shared by more than two atoms

A

Delocalization

29
Q

Which type of chemical formula is the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound

A

Empirical formula

30
Q

How long is 2.54 cm

A

25.4 mm

31
Q

In what category are the elements fluorine, bromine, and iodine?

A

Halogens

32
Q

In what category are th elements magnesium, calcium, and barium?

A

Alkaline earth metals

33
Q

What type of geometry does acetone (CHO), in which three bonding pairs of electrons are arrayed the central atom, have?

A

Trigonal planar

34
Q

The ____ law of thermodynamics relates change in internal energy to heat and work

A

First

35
Q

The ____ theory of light states that the light is electromagnetic waves traveling as bundles or “packets” of energy

A

Quantum

36
Q

The mass of a substance per unit of volume is called____?

A

Density

37
Q

A theoretical gas that exactly obeys the assumption of the kinetic theory would be called a ______ gas

A

Ideal

38
Q

The outermost electrons in an atom, which are involved in chemical bonding, are called _____ electrons

A

Valence

39
Q

The _____ cubic arrangement of atoms in a crystal has the least empty space of any cubic arrangement

A

Face-centered

Chemistry (12 decks)

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