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Chemistry > Test 7 > Flashcards

Test 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

polymers of silicon, oxygen, and carbon are called____?

A

Silicones

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2
Q

Mineral compounds containing metals and silicon-oxygen groups are called ____?

A

Silicates

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3
Q

Milk of magnesium, a suspension of _____, is used as a stomach antacid and laxative.

A

Magnesium hydroxide

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4
Q

Epsom salt, the hydrate of _____, is used in hot baths to reduce swelling.

A

Magnesium sulfate

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5
Q

An expensive metal widely used in automotive catalytic converters, spark plugs, and surgical tools is ____?

A

Platinum

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6
Q

The nonmetal that exist in rhombic, monoclinic, and plastic forms depending on the temperature is _____?

A

Sulfur

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7
Q

A lightweight metal extracted from bauxite and widely used in aircraft, spacecraft, and beverage cans is _____?

A

Aluminum

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8
Q

Most of the element _____ produced annually is used for acid production.

A

Sulfur

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9
Q

Steel is an alloy of iron and a small percentage of _____?

A

Carbon

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10
Q

Gold and silver are typically extracted from low-grade ores using the _____?

A

Cyanide process

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11
Q

Laughing gas, a compound used as an anesthetic in minor dental surgery, is _____?

A

Nitrous oxide

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12
Q

What element is typically extracted from petroleum and natural gas using the Claus process?

A

Sulfur

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13
Q

Brass and bronze are alloys of what?

A

Copper

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14
Q

What is the process by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants?

A

Nitrogen fixation

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15
Q

The blast furnace is used to extract _____ from its ore.

A

Iron

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16
Q

The hormone thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, contains ____?

A

Iodine

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17
Q

What is most helium extracted from?

A

Natural gas

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18
Q

What group of elements are found in nature only as free, uncombined elements?

A

Nobel gases

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19
Q

What is the third most abundant element in the earths crust?

A

Aluminum

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20
Q

Which class of non metals is the most reactive?

A

Halogens

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21
Q

What compound used in fertilizer manufacturing is produced by the haber process?

A

Ammonium

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22
Q

What alkaline earth metal is an essential component of bone and teeth?

A

Calcium

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23
Q

Includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

A

Halogens

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24
Q

Includes platinum, silver, and gold

A

Precious metals

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25
Q

Includes boron, silicon, and germanium

A

Semimetals

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26
Q

Includes helium, argon, krypton, and xenon

A

Noble gases

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27
Q

Includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, and barium

A

Alkaline earth metals

28
Q

Includes palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium

A

Platinum-group metals

29
Q

Includes lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium

A

Alkali metals

30
Q

Hematite is the most common ore what element

A

Iron

31
Q

Borax is one of the most common compounds of what element?

A

Boron

32
Q

What is the Hall-Héroult process used to produce?

A

Aluminum

33
Q

Two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state are called____?

A

Allotropes

34
Q

Lee and caustic soda are common names for _____?

A

Sodium hydroxide

35
Q

Water containing high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron(||) ions is called _____?

A

Hard

36
Q

Malachite, cuprite, and chalcopyrite are ores of ____?

A

Copper

37
Q

Ozone is an allotrope of the element _____?

A

Oxygen

38
Q

What naturally produced noble gas cam diffuse into home basements and is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

A

Radon

39
Q

What is the most reactive of all elements?

A

Fluorine

40
Q

What element is produced industrially by steam reforming of natural gas?

A

Hydrogen

41
Q

What semiconductor is most commonly used to make computer chips?

A

Silicon

42
Q

What compound is used as a contrast agent for x-rays of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Barium sulfate

43
Q

What dense metal is used in car batteries, weights, radiation shielding, and small-arms ammunition?

A

Lead

44
Q

What is the cheapest and most widely used metal?

A

Iron

45
Q

What metal is used to make the windows in X-ray tubes?

A

Beryllium

46
Q

What is the primary component of window glass?

A

Silicates

47
Q

What very dense metal is used in industrial counterweights, high-density armor, and nuclear fuels?

A

Uranium

48
Q

What is the most malleable and ductile metal known?

A

Gold

49
Q

What element exist as an unstable white allotrope and a more stable red allotrope?

A

Phosphorus

50
Q

What is an alloy of mercury combined with another metal?

A

Amalgam

51
Q

What is the form of iron produced by direct iron reduction?

A

Sponge iron

52
Q

What is the active anion ingredient in bleach?

A

Hypochlorite

53
Q

What are salts of phosphoric acid called?

A

Phosphates

54
Q

What is the science of extracting metals from their naturally occurring materials and preparing them for use?

A

Metallurgy

55
Q

What is the addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds known as?

A

Hydrogenation

56
Q

What is the process occurring in plants that continually replenishes oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis

57
Q

The second most abundant element in the earths crust

A

Silicon

58
Q

Used in refrigerants and as an anti cavity dental treatment

A

Fluorine

59
Q

Used in bleaches, PVC plastic, medicines, pesticides, and water treatment

A

Chlorine

60
Q

Used in deep-sea diving mixtures and as a nonflammable lifting gas in airships and high-altitude balloons

A

Helium

61
Q

Used in ammonia, artificial fertilizers, and explosive compounds

A

Nitrogen

62
Q

The most abundant element in the universe

A

Hydrogen

63
Q

Isotopes are protium, deuterium, and tritium

A

Hydrogen

64
Q

What is the most important commercial method of preparing hydrogen in the United States?

A

Steam reforming

65
Q

What’s the addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds?

A

Hydrogenation

Chemistry (12 decks)

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