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Chemistry > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Which law relates the volume, pressure, temperature and number of moles of a gas?

A

Ideal gas law

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2
Q

What is the semiconductor most commonly used to make computer chips?

A

Silicon

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3
Q

What is the most abundant element in the universe?

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

What element is ozone a form of?

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

What type of substance consists of two or more elements chemically combined?

A

Compound

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6
Q

What group of lipids includes cholesterol, bile salts, and vitamin D?

A

Steroids

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7
Q

Rubbery polymers made from silicon-oxygen chains rather than carbon chains

A

Silicones

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8
Q

Biological polymers composed of long chains of sugar

A

Polysaccharides

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9
Q

Protein catalyst found in living things

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

Substituted hydrocarbons containing one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH)

A

Alcohols

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11
Q

Ionic compounds composed of any cation except H+ and any anion except OH-

A

Salts

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12
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

A

Isomers

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13
Q

Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids

A

Soaps

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14
Q

Hydrocarbons consisting of rings containing delocalized electrons

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons characterized by one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms

A

Alkynes

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16
Q

Alkanes and other organic compounds consisting of only hydrogen and carbon

A

Hydrocarbons

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17
Q

What re the outermost electrons in an atom, which are involved in chemical bonding?

A

Valence

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18
Q

What is the complex mixture of liquid hydrocarbons found in the earths crust?

A

Petroleum

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19
Q

What is the reaction of alkanes and other hydrocarbons with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O, and heat?

A

Combustion

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20
Q

What is the study of chemical compounds containing carbon?

A

Organic chemistry

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21
Q

What is an atom that gains electrons in a chemical reaction undergo?

A

Reduction

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22
Q

What is the minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction?

A

Activation energy

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23
Q

If the forward and reverse reactions of a reversible chemical reaction are proceeding at the same rate, then the system is said to be in a state of?

A

Chemical equilibrium

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24
Q

What is plastic and other materials made from many small molecules that have been linked together to form much larger molecules?

A

Polymers

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25
Q

An atom of a particular element is distinguished from atoms of other elements buy the number of what?

A

Protons

26
Q

Protein molecules consist of long chains of smaller molecule

A

Amino acids

27
Q

What is nuclear radiation that consist of high-speed electrons?

A

Beta

28
Q

Elements with the largest atoms are located in what region of the periodic table?

A

Lower left

29
Q

The elements helium, argon, and xenon belong to the group of elements are known as what?

A

Noble gases

30
Q

Nylon is a common name for a group of polymers called?

A

Polyamides

31
Q

Citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid are examples of?

A

Carboxylic acids

32
Q

What is an important 6-carbon sugar found in both animals and plants?

A

Glucose

33
Q

More compounds are formed from ____ than from all the other elements combined.

A

Carbon

34
Q

DNA and RNA are polymers of ____?

A

Nucleotides

35
Q

The strong intermolecular force responsible for the unexpectedly high boiling points of water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride is the _____.

A

Hydrogen bond

36
Q

As a rule of thumb, the rate of a given chemical reaction doubles when the temperature is increased by_____?

A

10 degrees

37
Q

A chemical bond characterized by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms in a molecule is called?

A

Covalent bond

38
Q

A substance that dissociates or ionizes in water to produce ions that an induct an electric current is called?

A

Electrolyte

39
Q

Chemical reactions and physical changes that release heat to their surroundings are?

A

Exothermic

40
Q

the process of oxidation in an electrochemical cell always occur at the?

A

Anode

41
Q

Electrons that circulate freely throughout a molecule instead of being bound to a single atom or pair of atoms are said to be?

A

Delocalized

42
Q

Kinetic energy s energy associated with an objects_____?

A

Motion

43
Q

What is a list of metals arranged by their relative ease of oxidation?

A

Activity series

44
Q

What is the study of the chemistry of living things?

A

Biochemistry

45
Q

What is a substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?

A

Base

46
Q

The shorter the half-life of a radioactive substance, the greater its activity.

A

True

47
Q

Compounds that contain the functional group —-N—- and can be thought of as derived from ammonia are?

A

Amines

48
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that____?

A

The entropy of the universe is always increasing

49
Q

The elements lithium, sodium,potassium, and cesium belong to the group of elements known as the _____ metals

A

Alkali

50
Q

The amount of fissionable material at a given density required to sustain a chain reaction is known as?

A

Critical mass

51
Q

The precious metal, more expensive than gold, that is commonly used in industrial and automotive catalyst is?

A

Platinum

52
Q

The Uncertainty Principle states____?

A

The position and momentum of small particles such as electrons cannot be precisely measured simultaneously

53
Q

A triglyceride is a _____ molecule?

A

Fat

54
Q

Hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds usually end in?

A

-ene

55
Q

A mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended and do not settle down over time

A

Colloid

56
Q

Sulfur is extracted from petroleum and natural gases using what process?

A

Claus

57
Q

When a piece of blue litmus paper turns red when dipped in a solution, the ph must be?

A

Less than 7

58
Q

A nuclear reaction in which a single large nucleus gets split into two smaller nuclei

A

Nuclear fission

59
Q

The concentration of a solution in terms of moles solute per liter of solution is known as?

A

Molarity

60
Q

When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol, what is formed?

A

Ester

61
Q

What are individual “packets” or quanta of light?

A

Photons

Chemistry (12 decks)

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