Test 8

Question 1

What does the field of chemical kinetics involve?

Answer 1

Reaction rates

Reaction pathways

Question 2

What category includes emulsions, foams, sold, and gels?

Answer 2

Colloids

Question 3

What is a mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out?

Answer 3

Colloid

Question 4

What type of substance is the scattering of light known as the Tyndall effect a characteristic of?

Answer 4

Colloids

Question 5

What is true if two substances in the same phase are miscible?

Answer 5

They are completely soluble in each other

Question 6

What happens when a liquid in a closed container reaches a state of equilibrium with its vapor?

Answer 6

The number of molecules evaporating and condensing are equal

Question 7

What is the attraction of a substance to the surface of a solid called?

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

What is the total heat absorbed or released when one substance dissolves in another?

Answer 8

Enthalpy of solution

Question 9

When a solution reaches a state of equilibrium, why does the amount of un dissolved solid remain constant?

Answer 9

The rate of crystallization equals the rate of dissolution

Question 10

What do Colligative properties primarily depend upon?

Answer 10

Concentration of the solution

Question 11

In a solution of glucose in water, what is the glucose?

Answer 11

Solute

Question 12

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 12

Solution

Question 13

A protein catalyst found in living things

Answer 13

Enzyme

Question 14

A substance that slows the rate of a reaction

Answer 14

Inhibitor

Question 15

A series of steps describing the way in which a chemical reaction proceeds

Answer 15

Reaction mechanism

Question 16

A chemical reaction in which the products of one reaction step cause other reactions to occur

Answer 16

Chain reaction

Question 17

A reaction in a proposed series that has a greater activation energy than the others and thus occurs more slowly

Answer 17

Rate-determining step

Question 18

What is the erratic movement of colloidal particles due to random molecular collisions that keep them suspended?

Answer 18

Brownian motion

Question 19

Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current?

Answer 19

Electrolytes

Question 20

What is the minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction?

Answer 20

Activation

Question 21

What are tiny, emulsified droplets of grease or oil suspended in water by soap molecules?

Answer 21

Micelles

Question 22

What is a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions?

Answer 22

Saturated

Question 23

When two opposite processes continuously occur at equal rates so that they offset each other, the system is said to be in a state of

Answer 23

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 24

What is an ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules in aqueous solution?

Answer 24

Hydrated

Question 25

What is the quantity of a solute for a given quantity of solution or solvent?

Answer 25

Concentration

Question 26

In a chemical reaction, the change in concentration of a substance divided by the time for the change

Answer 26

Reaction rate

Question 27

What is a catalyst increase in the rate of reaction

Answer 27

It reduces activation energy

Question 28

Explain the meaning of the phrase “like dissolves like”

Answer 28

Substances with similar intermolecular forces will dissolve in each other more readily

Question 29

What describes a platinum mesh used to break down petroleum vapors into smaller molecules?

Answer 29

Heterogeneous catalyst

Question 30

What combination is most likely to be completely miscible?

Answer 30

Water and isopropyl alcohol

Question 31

What substance would you expect to be most soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as gasoline?

Answer 31

Paraffin (nonpolar)

Question 32

Name three colloids

Answer 32

Aerogel Milk Smoke

Question 33

When a solid is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the solid?

Answer 33

Increase

Question 34

When a gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the gas?

Answer 34

Decrease

Question 35

What term refers to a solution that contains more solute than is ordinarily possible under equilibrium conditions?

Answer 35

Supersaturated

Question 36

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to raise or to lower its boiling point?

Answer 36

Raise

Question 37

Name the short-lived, unstable arrangement of atoms that molecules are thought to form as they collide and chemically react.

Answer 37

Activated complex

Question 38

What term refers to a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?

Answer 38

Catalyst

Question 39

Does increasing the temperature of a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?

Answer 39

Increase

Question 40

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?

Answer 40

Decrease