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Chemistry > Test 8 > Flashcards

Test 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the field of chemical kinetics involve?

A

Reaction rates

Reaction pathways

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2
Q

What category includes emulsions, foams, sold, and gels?

A

Colloids

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3
Q

What is a mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out?

A

Colloid

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4
Q

What type of substance is the scattering of light known as the Tyndall effect a characteristic of?

A

Colloids

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5
Q

What is true if two substances in the same phase are miscible?

A

They are completely soluble in each other

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6
Q

What happens when a liquid in a closed container reaches a state of equilibrium with its vapor?

A

The number of molecules evaporating and condensing are equal

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7
Q

What is the attraction of a substance to the surface of a solid called?

A

Absorption

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8
Q

What is the total heat absorbed or released when one substance dissolves in another?

A

Enthalpy of solution

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9
Q

When a solution reaches a state of equilibrium, why does the amount of un dissolved solid remain constant?

A

The rate of crystallization equals the rate of dissolution

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10
Q

What do Colligative properties primarily depend upon?

A

Concentration of the solution

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11
Q

In a solution of glucose in water, what is the glucose?

A

Solute

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12
Q

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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13
Q

A protein catalyst found in living things

A

Enzyme

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14
Q

A substance that slows the rate of a reaction

A

Inhibitor

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15
Q

A series of steps describing the way in which a chemical reaction proceeds

A

Reaction mechanism

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16
Q

A chemical reaction in which the products of one reaction step cause other reactions to occur

A

Chain reaction

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17
Q

A reaction in a proposed series that has a greater activation energy than the others and thus occurs more slowly

A

Rate-determining step

18
Q

What is the erratic movement of colloidal particles due to random molecular collisions that keep them suspended?

A

Brownian motion

19
Q

Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current?

A

Electrolytes

20
Q

What is the minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction?

A

Activation

21
Q

What are tiny, emulsified droplets of grease or oil suspended in water by soap molecules?

A

Micelles

22
Q

What is a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions?

A

Saturated

23
Q

When two opposite processes continuously occur at equal rates so that they offset each other, the system is said to be in a state of

A

Dynamic equilibrium

24
Q

What is an ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules in aqueous solution?

A

Hydrated

25
Q

What is the quantity of a solute for a given quantity of solution or solvent?

A

Concentration

26
Q

In a chemical reaction, the change in concentration of a substance divided by the time for the change

A

Reaction rate

27
Q

What is a catalyst increase in the rate of reaction

A

It reduces activation energy

28
Q

Explain the meaning of the phrase “like dissolves like”

A

Substances with similar intermolecular forces will dissolve in each other more readily

29
Q

What describes a platinum mesh used to break down petroleum vapors into smaller molecules?

A

Heterogeneous catalyst

30
Q

What combination is most likely to be completely miscible?

A

Water and isopropyl alcohol

31
Q

What substance would you expect to be most soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as gasoline?

A

Paraffin (nonpolar)

32
Q

Name three colloids

A

Aerogel
Milk
Smoke

33
Q

When a solid is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the solid?

A

Increase

34
Q

When a gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the gas?

A

Decrease

35
Q

What term refers to a solution that contains more solute than is ordinarily possible under equilibrium conditions?

A

Supersaturated

36
Q

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to raise or to lower its boiling point?

A

Raise

37
Q

Name the short-lived, unstable arrangement of atoms that molecules are thought to form as they collide and chemically react.

A

Activated complex

38
Q

What term refers to a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?

A

Catalyst

39
Q

Does increasing the temperature of a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?

A

Increase

40
Q

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tend to increase or to decrease its vapor pressure?

A

Decrease

Chemistry (12 decks)

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