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Abeka Physical Science > Test 9 > Flashcards

Test 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What early device was developed to store electric charge?

A

Leyden jar

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2
Q

What is the general term for a device that transforms the energy of an electric current into another useful form of energy?

A

load

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3
Q

What is the SI unit of resistance?

A

ohm

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4
Q

What device consists of one or more electrochemical cells connected in series to produce a single source of current?

A

battery

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5
Q

What device converts pulses of electricity into sound waves?

A

loudspeaker

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6
Q

What communication device uses electromagnets to reproduce messages by means of audible clicks?

A

telegraph

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7
Q

What is a material that allows current to flow through it with no resistance?

A

superconductor

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8
Q

Who built the first electrostatic generator?

A

Otto von Guericke

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9
Q

What is the transfer of an electric charge by direct contact between objects?

A

conduction

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10
Q

What device converts absorbed sunlight directly into electricity?

A

photovoltaic cell

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11
Q

What type of generator works by passing a conducting fluid through a magnetic field?

A

magnetohydrodynamic generator

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12
Q

What is an electric field with even strength throughout?

A

uniform

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13
Q

What is the method of magnetism in which an object is permanently magnetized by stroking a magnet against the object?

A

magnetizing by contact

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14
Q

What is a semiconductor device that produces light when a direct current is applied?

A

light-emitting diode

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15
Q

What is the line connecting all points where a compass needle points true north?

A

agonic

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16
Q

What is the imaginary line that circles Earth halfway between the two magnetic poles?

A

magnetic equator

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17
Q

What is the final attraction force between two charged objects when the distance is reduced to 1/5 of the original distance?

A

25 times the original force

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18
Q

What is a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for use by one user at a time?

A

personal computer

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19
Q

What is a large, extremely powerful computer designed for rapidly performing complex calculations?

A

supercomputer

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20
Q

What allows a computer to communicate with the outside world or a user to communicate with the computer?

A

input/output device

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21
Q

What part of a computer controls all other systems of the computer?

A

central processing unit

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22
Q

What is the largest computer network?

A

internet

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23
Q

What is a single chip that contains a complete CPU?

A

microprocessor

24
Q

What is a collection of programs that contain instructions for displaying words and images on the screen for a user?

A

operating system

25
Q

What type of computer memory is used for temporary storage?

A

RAM

26
Q

What is the SI unit of electric charge?

A

coulomb

27
Q

What are the actual physical components of a computer called?

A

hardware

28
Q

What is the smallest directly accessible unit of data in a computer?

A

byte

29
Q

What are the imaginary lines that indicate the direction and strength of a magnetic field called?

A

lines of flux

30
Q

What is the electrostatic method of reproducing images on paper?

A

xerography

31
Q

What is an electrical switch operated by an electromagnet called?

A

relay

32
Q

What process produces an electric current in a vacuum using a heated cathode?

A

thermionic emission

33
Q

What are pieces of information stored in computers called?

A

data

34
Q

electronic device that processes information using electrical circuits

A

computer

35
Q

produces a single binary output based on one or more binary inputs

A

logic gate

36
Q

uses a narrow strip of metal in a protective, insulated case to limit current through a circuit

A

fuse

37
Q

electrical device designed to add resistance to a circuit

A

resistor

38
Q

uses electromagnetic induction to produce electricity

A

generator

39
Q

produces a strong magnetic field when electricity passes through it

A

electromagnet

40
Q

simple device that converts electricity to back-and-forth motion

A

solenoid

41
Q

semiconductor device that can perform the same functions a vacuum-tube triode, such as acting as a switch and amplifying weak signals

A

transistor

42
Q

increases or decreases the voltage of an alternating current using electromagnetic induction

A

transformer

43
Q

The stored information and set of instructions that direct a computer to perform certain tasks is the _______.

A

software

44
Q

The rate of charge flow is called _______.

A

current

45
Q

The branch of the study of electricity that deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or in semiconductors is ______.

A

electronics

46
Q

The process of replacing atoms of a semiconductor with atoms of another element is called ______.

A

doping

47
Q

What is a simple vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes?

A

triode

48
Q

What are large computers designed to store and retrieve vast amounts of information?

A

mainframes

49
Q

What type of data can have any possible value within a specified range?

A

analog

50
Q

The positive terminal of a voltaic or storage cell contacts the cell’s ______.

A

cathode

51
Q

What number system is based on powers of sixteen?

A

hexadecimal

52
Q

What is a semiconductor that lacks electrons?

A

p-type

53
Q

What type of electrochemical cell is not designed to be recharged?

A

voltaic

54
Q

The most common type of transistor used today is the _______ transistor.

A

field-effect

55
Q

What was America’s first mass-produced computer?

A

UNIVAC I

56
Q

Substances that can be easily magnetized are considered magnetically ______.

A

soft

Abeka Physical Science (9 decks)

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