Test 6 Flashcards
What principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?
Archimedes principle
What is the most important component of a heat pump?
refrigerant
Who first demonstrated the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves?
Heinrich Hertz
What is the heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid?
heat of fusion
What is the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a given amount?
heat capacity
What law relates an object’s force, mass, and acceleration?
second law of motion
What is the process in which colors are produced by interference of reflected light?
iridescence
What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?
electromagnetic
What is the process of dissipating the energy of sound waves in matter?
absorption
Which law states that if the temperature of a gas remains constant, the volume and pressure are inversely proportional?
Boyle’s law
Which type of wave makes communication possible between ships, airplanes, and cellphones?
radio waves
What type of heat transfer occurs when a fan blows air in a room?
convection
What is the apparent slowdown in time for an object traveling at nearly the speed of light?
time dilation
When a whetstone is used to sharpen a knife, the stone performs work on the knife to remove excess metal. Water or mineral oil must be applied to the stone; otherwise, the blade will become too hot and warp. What scientific principle explains why the blade gets hot?
first law of thermodynamics
What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?
decreases
What is the term for a beam of light containing waves that are aligned in the same direction?
polarized
What is the Si base unit for mass?
kilogram
What is the product of an object’s mass and velocity?
momentum
What form of energy is associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it?
potential
What are the additive primary colors?
red, green, blue
What is the ability for other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions and by performing other experiments to test the same hypothesis?
reproducibility
What are all nonzero digits, all zeros between nonzero digits, and zeros at the end of a number with a decimal point?
significant digits
What is the formula for the frequency of a wave?
frequency= waves/time
What is the phenomenon in which a liquid in thin tubes rises above or falls beneath its own level?
capillarity
What is considered a mixture of all the colors of light?
white
What is the fluid friction that tends to slow an object as it moves through a fluid?
drag
What is an excited atom that releases two photons after a collision?
stimulated emission
What is the output distance of a screw?
pitch
Why is laser light extremely intense compared to normal light?
The beam is concentrated narrowly and coherently
The speed of light in a vacuum is always _____, no matter how it is measured.
constant
Which of the following is the phenomenon in which light above a certain frequency knocks electrons loose from the atoms of certain metals?
photoelectric effect
Which fallacy occurs when a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a single argument?
equivocation
What kind of heat transfer occurs between and hot pad and a casserole dish resting on it?
conduction
What type of lens curves outward and bends light inward to converge on a point?
convex
Which is the collective term for the three colors of pigments that can be combined to make most other colors?
subtractive primary colors
What is a triangular glass object that separates light into its component colors through refraction?
prism
In which type of wave do particles of the medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion?
longitudinal
What is the bending of the path of a wave as as a result of a change in wave speed?
refraction
Which type of ultraviolet radiation is mostly, but not completely, blocked by the atmospheric ozone layer?
UVB
the strength of a sound wave
intensity
the number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time
frequency
the musical distance between two notes
interval
the effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives sound
pitch
What is the use of lasers to transmit signals through narrow glass cables?
fiber optics
What is any change in velocity?
acceleration
What is a semicircular arc of colored bands of light formed by refraction in falling raindrops?
rainbow
Light consists of tiny bundles or packets of energy called ______.
photons
What occurs when light rays from a distant object pass through heated air and bend in such a way that the object appears nearby?
mirage
What is a device designed to measure the heat involved in a physical or chemical change?
calorimeter
What is a three-dimensional image produced by laser light?
hologram
What is the quantity that measures the amount of disorder in a system?
entropy
What is the general term for waves consisting of two transverse waves oscillating at right angles to each other?
electromagnetic waves
What is the frequency just higher than ultraviolet rays?
x-rays
What are the most energetic light waves, capable of penetrating all substances?
gamma rays
What are light waves that have frequencies between microwaves and red visible light?
infrared rays
What is the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers?
compressibility
A mirror with the reflecting surface on the inside of a spherical surface is a ______ mirror.
concave
Each of the dark fringes formed as light interferes destructively from a narrow slit is a _______.
node
What is the process of a gas changing into a liquid?
condensation
What is the transfer of heat without matter?
radiation
The idea that gravity is a result of the geometry of space is part of the ______ theory of relativity.
general
Momentum is proportional to the velocity, but _____ energy is proportional to the square of velocity.
kinetic
Collision of particles ______ at higher temperatures.
increases
Lens that curves outward to focus the sunlight to a point and can help start a campfire.
convex
