Test 11 Flashcards
What action would likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
increase surface area
What quantity decreases in every spontaneous reaction?
usable energy
What type of electrochemical cell uses an electric current to produce a chemical reaction?
electrolytic cell
What type of electrochemical cell is designed to recharge with electricity from an outside source?
storage cell
What is the general term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not permanently changed or consumed in the reaction?
catalyst
represents a combination reaction
A + B -> AB
What principle says that when an equilibrium is disturbed, the system will behave in a way that at least partially offsets the disturbance?
Le Chatelier’s principle
Mathematically, the pH of a solution is the additive inverse of the ________ when (H3O+) in moles per liter is expressed as a power of ten.
exponent
represents a double-displacement reaction
AB + CD -> AD + CB
What substance is used for food storage in plants?
starch
What substances are used to transport cholesterol through the body?
lipoproteins
What molecule is used as a working copy of genetic information?
RNA
What is slippery to the touch, has a bitter taste, and turns litmus paper blue?
base
What is the name of the H3O+ ion?
oxonium
What lipid contains no double bonds?
saturated fat
What is the general term for a reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms?
redox reaction
What property helps explain the uniqueness of carbon?
Carbon has four valence electrons
What is an organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with an -OH group?
alcohol
statement that describes the structure of DNA
Two backbones connected by base pairs form a double helix
The energy carrier of the cell is the compound named ______.
ATP
The principle that states the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products is the ______.
law of conservation of mass
Reactions that can proceed in either direction are said to be ________ reactions.
reversible
An electrochemical cell that generates electricity using substances that are continually replenished from an outside source is a ______ cell.
fuel
To balance an equation, you can only change the _________, not the subscripts.
coefficients
A compound that has a cyclic structure with delocalized electrons is an ________ hydrocarbon.
aromatic
hydrocarbon containing only single bonds
alkane
contains a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom
haloalkane
always found in the middle of a molecule, never on the end of a carbon chain
ester
hydrocarbon that contains one or more double bonds
alkene
salt of a carboxylate ion
soap
What term describes the kinetic energy necessary for reactant molecules to undergo a chemical reaction?
activation energy
What term describes a chemical equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow?
balanced
What is a segment of DNA containing the code for a specific substance, task, or characteristic?
gene
What term describes a substance that is neither an acid nor a base?
neutral
What branch of chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds?
organic chemistry
What term describes a situation in which two reactions in opposite directions occur at the same rate?
equilibrium
What group is characterized by being insoluble in water?
lipids
What group consists of smaller molecules linked by peptide bonds
proteins
What group consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio?
carbohydrates
The substances that undergo a chemical change are the ________.
reactants
An ionic compound that does not contain either a hydrogen ion or a hydroxide ion is a _____.
salt
Using an electrical current passing through a solution to coat an object with a thin layer of metal is ________.
electroplating
What is the study of the rates of chemical reactions?
chemical kinetics
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
A number indicating how many molecules or formula units of a substance are involved in reaction is a _______.
coefficient
The pH of water is ___.
7
A chemical change resulting from a collision between molecules
chemical reaction
reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings and stores the energy in chemical bonds
endothermic reaction
reaction that involves a single substance breaking down into two or more other substances
decomposition reaction
reaction that can occur without continuing outside help
spontaneous reaction
What property can a scientist use to determine whether a substance is a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide?
structural formula
A change in color is evidence of a ______ change.
chemical
Adding more of an element on the left side of an equation causes more products to form, and the equilibrium will shift to the ______.
left
