Test 4 Flashcards
What scientific idea is the first law of thermodynamics a practical restatement of.?
law of conservation of energy
How does the addition of a solute change the freezing point of a liquid?
temperature decreases
According to the second law of thermodynamics, what property do natural processes tend to increase?
entropy
Warming hands by a fire is what type of heat transfer?
radiation
What type of potential energy is caused by restorative forces?
elastic
What is the temperature at which evaporation occurs throughout a liquid?
boiling point
How does the volume of liquid water change as water is cooled from 4 degrees C to 0 degrees C?
volume expands
What is the weakest fundamental force?
gravitational
What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?
electromagnetic
What is the most important component of a heat pump?
refrigerant
What method of heat transfer does a hot water heating system use to heat a room?
convection
What theoretical device would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat?
Carnot engine
If you have 4 cups with a different amount of room temperature water in each one, the one with the least amount of water has the ________ amount of thermal energy.
least
Why is heat of vaporization of a substance much greater than heat of fusion of the same substance?
The cohesion of molecules must be completely overcome.
What is the relationship between work and energy?
Energy is measured by the amount of work it can do.
What is the relationship between vapor pressure and the temperature of a liquid?
As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases.
What is the purpose of a heat pumps condenser?
to cool a hot fluid and release heat into the surroundings
How does a safety lamp work?
A metal screen conducts heat into the air.
What device uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from a colder location to a warmer location?
heat pump
What fundamental force binds the subatomic particles of an atom’s nucleus together?
strong nuclear
the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a certain amount
heat capacity
the general term for “hidden” heat absorbed or released when a substance undergoes a change in state
latent heat
the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a liquid into a gas
heat of vaporization
the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a solid into a liquid
heat of fusion
Which state of matter exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary states?
plasma
What type of heat transfer causes the handle of a pot of boiling water to become hot?
conduction
What is the name for a double-walled container with a vacuum separating the walls?
Dewar flask
What is a device that automatically regulates temperature called?
thermostat
What fundamental force is exerted on all objects that have mass?
gravitational
What scientific principle says that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder?
second law of thermodynamics
energy of motion
kinetic energy
energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting on the object
potential energy
energy exhibited when an object moves and changes positions
translational kinetic energy
energy exhibited by a spinning wheel
rotational kinetic energy
The point at which molecules of a solid move fast enough to overcome the cohesion that holds them together is the ____ point.
melting
The internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules.
thermal energy
The state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects that are at the same temperature.
thermal equilibrium
What is the transfer of heat by moving fluids?
convection
Dissolving a solute in a liquid causes the boiling point of a substance to _______.
increase
Most atmospheric winds are caused by what?
convection currents
Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered what?
volatile
The law stating that the amount of energy gained by a system equals the energy lost by the surroundings.
first law of thermodynamics
The change of a substance from a liquid into a gas.
evaporation
The transfer of heat without matter.
radiation
The temperature above which a substance cannot exist as a liquid but behaves as a gas regardless of the pressure upon it.
critical temperature
Formula for the kinetic energy of an object.
E=1/2 mv2
Formula for the potential energy of an object.
E=mgh
Formula for the specific heat of an object.
c=Q/m^T
