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Abeka Physical Science > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What scientific idea is the first law of thermodynamics a practical restatement of.?

A

law of conservation of energy

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2
Q

How does the addition of a solute change the freezing point of a liquid?

A

temperature decreases

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3
Q

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what property do natural processes tend to increase?

A

entropy

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4
Q

Warming hands by a fire is what type of heat transfer?

A

radiation

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5
Q

What type of potential energy is caused by restorative forces?

A

elastic

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6
Q

What is the temperature at which evaporation occurs throughout a liquid?

A

boiling point

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7
Q

How does the volume of liquid water change as water is cooled from 4 degrees C to 0 degrees C?

A

volume expands

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8
Q

What is the weakest fundamental force?

A

gravitational

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9
Q

What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?

A

electromagnetic

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10
Q

What is the most important component of a heat pump?

A

refrigerant

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11
Q

What method of heat transfer does a hot water heating system use to heat a room?

A

convection

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12
Q

What theoretical device would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat?

A

Carnot engine

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13
Q

If you have 4 cups with a different amount of room temperature water in each one, the one with the least amount of water has the ________ amount of thermal energy.

A

least

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14
Q

Why is heat of vaporization of a substance much greater than heat of fusion of the same substance?

A

The cohesion of molecules must be completely overcome.

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15
Q

What is the relationship between work and energy?

A

Energy is measured by the amount of work it can do.

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16
Q

What is the relationship between vapor pressure and the temperature of a liquid?

A

As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of a heat pumps condenser?

A

to cool a hot fluid and release heat into the surroundings

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18
Q

How does a safety lamp work?

A

A metal screen conducts heat into the air.

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19
Q

What device uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from a colder location to a warmer location?

A

heat pump

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20
Q

What fundamental force binds the subatomic particles of an atom’s nucleus together?

A

strong nuclear

21
Q

the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a certain amount

A

heat capacity

22
Q

the general term for “hidden” heat absorbed or released when a substance undergoes a change in state

A

latent heat

23
Q

the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a liquid into a gas

A

heat of vaporization

24
Q

the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a solid into a liquid

A

heat of fusion

25
Q

Which state of matter exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary states?

A

plasma

26
Q

What type of heat transfer causes the handle of a pot of boiling water to become hot?

A

conduction

27
Q

What is the name for a double-walled container with a vacuum separating the walls?

A

Dewar flask

28
Q

What is a device that automatically regulates temperature called?

A

thermostat

29
Q

What fundamental force is exerted on all objects that have mass?

A

gravitational

30
Q

What scientific principle says that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder?

A

second law of thermodynamics

31
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

32
Q

energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting on the object

A

potential energy

33
Q

energy exhibited when an object moves and changes positions

A

translational kinetic energy

34
Q

energy exhibited by a spinning wheel

A

rotational kinetic energy

35
Q

The point at which molecules of a solid move fast enough to overcome the cohesion that holds them together is the ____ point.

A

melting

36
Q

The internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules.

A

thermal energy

37
Q

The state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects that are at the same temperature.

A

thermal equilibrium

38
Q

What is the transfer of heat by moving fluids?

A

convection

39
Q

Dissolving a solute in a liquid causes the boiling point of a substance to _______.

A

increase

40
Q

Most atmospheric winds are caused by what?

A

convection currents

41
Q

Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered what?

A

volatile

42
Q

The law stating that the amount of energy gained by a system equals the energy lost by the surroundings.

A

first law of thermodynamics

43
Q

The change of a substance from a liquid into a gas.

A

evaporation

44
Q

The transfer of heat without matter.

A

radiation

45
Q

The temperature above which a substance cannot exist as a liquid but behaves as a gas regardless of the pressure upon it.

A

critical temperature

46
Q

Formula for the kinetic energy of an object.

A

E=1/2 mv2

47
Q

Formula for the potential energy of an object.

A

E=mgh

48
Q

Formula for the specific heat of an object.

A

c=Q/m^T

Abeka Physical Science (9 decks)

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