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Abeka Physical Science > Test 10 > Flashcards

Test 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers?

A

isotopes

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2
Q

What type of bond occurs when two atoms share two pairs of electrons in a covalent bond?

A

double bond

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3
Q

What term refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required for a chain reaction to occur?

A

critical mass

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4
Q

What is the mass number of the element 26/12 Mg?

A

26

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5
Q

What is the strongest intermolecular force?

A

hydrogen bond

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6
Q

What property describes how strongly atoms of an element pull on electrons in a chemical bond?

A

electronegativity

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7
Q

Which model of the atom pictures the nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels?

A

Bohr model

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8
Q

What intermolecular force occurs between all molecules?

A

London force

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9
Q

What is one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane?

A

osmosis

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10
Q

In what type of radioactive decay is an electron emitted?

A

beta decay

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11
Q

What type of radioactive decay releases energy without changing the number of protons and neutrons?

A

gamma decay

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12
Q

What type of nuclear decay occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of two protons and two neutrons?

A

alpha decay

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13
Q

What idea states that tiny particles do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow but in specific amounts?

A

quantum theory

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14
Q

What idea states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers?

A

Pauli exclusion principle

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15
Q

What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?

A

mercury

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16
Q

Muddy water, aerosol spray, and ________ are examples of suspension.

A

dusty air

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17
Q

What formula shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound? (CH2)

A

empirical formula

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18
Q

What is the chemical name for the compound SCl4?

A

sulfur tetrachloride

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19
Q

What is the general term for a physical combination of pure substances?

A

mixture

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20
Q

What is the general term for a row of elements in the periodic table?

A

period

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21
Q

What must be present for hydrogen bonding to occur?

A

Hydrogen must be bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

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22
Q

What substances are composed of a single type of atom?

A

elements

23
Q

What type of nuclear reactor produces more fuel than it consumes?

A

breeder reactor

24
Q

What element has the symbol Ca?

A

calcium

25
Q

What rule states that most atoms tend to react to obtain eight electrons in their valence shell?

A

octet rule

26
Q

What value relates the number of moles of solute per mass of the solvent?

A

solubility

27
Q

What substance is composed of two or more elements bonded together?

A

compound

28
Q

When atoms with different electronegativities bond, what is the type of bond formed between the atoms?

A

polar

29
Q

What theory states: 1.Every element consists of tiny particles called atoms 2.All atoms of a particular element have the same properties 3.Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different 4.Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form compounds 5.Chemical processes are the result of the rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms.

A

atomic theory

30
Q

What is an atom that has a positive electric charge because of losing electrons?

A

cation

31
Q

symbol for oxygen

A

O

32
Q

symbol for potassium

A

K

33
Q

symbol for sodium

A

Na

34
Q

symbol for gold

A

Au

35
Q

What is the organized study of the composition and interactions of matter?

A

chemistry

36
Q

What is the process of mixing molecules of one substance with those of another substance by random molecular motion?

A

diffusion

37
Q

By physical properties, elements are divided into three groups: metals, semimetals, and _______.

A

nonmetals

38
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture that consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent?

A

solution

39
Q

What is the chemical name for the covalent compound that contains one uranium atom and six fluorine atoms?

A

uranium hexafluoride

40
Q

What term refers to the time required for one half of a radioactive sample to decay into a new substance?

A

half-life

41
Q

What is a mixture containing tiny suspended clumps of particles called?

A

colloid

42
Q

What term refers to the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule?

A

molecular mass

43
Q

What unit refers to 6.022 X 10^23 particles of a substance?

A

mole

44
Q

What are the electrons located in the outermost shell of any atom called?

A

valence electrons

45
Q

What type of intermolecular force is present between all polar molecules but not between nonpolar molecules?

A

dipole-dipole force

46
Q

Protons and neutrons are found in the ________.

A

nucleus

47
Q

The law stating that elements show regular and repeating properties when arranged by increasing atomic number is the ________ law.

A

periodic

48
Q

If the molecules of a mixture are not completely mixed together, the substance is a ________ mixture.

A

heterogeneous

49
Q

What is the process of combining two nuclei to form a heavier nucleus?

A

fusion

50
Q

Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal, and chlorine is a halogen. The substance MgCl2 most likely has ______ bonding.

A

ionic

51
Q

What is the substance that is dissolved in a solution?

A

solute

52
Q

Which group of metals is soft, shiny, and highly reactive?

A

Alkali metals

53
Q

What is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule?

A

molecular mass

54
Q

What is the formula for molality?

A

moles of solute/mass of solvent

Abeka Physical Science (9 decks)

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