Test 10 Flashcards
What are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers?
isotopes
What type of bond occurs when two atoms share two pairs of electrons in a covalent bond?
double bond
What term refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required for a chain reaction to occur?
critical mass
What is the mass number of the element 26/12 Mg?
26
What is the strongest intermolecular force?
hydrogen bond
What property describes how strongly atoms of an element pull on electrons in a chemical bond?
electronegativity
Which model of the atom pictures the nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels?
Bohr model
What intermolecular force occurs between all molecules?
London force
What is one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane?
osmosis
In what type of radioactive decay is an electron emitted?
beta decay
What type of radioactive decay releases energy without changing the number of protons and neutrons?
gamma decay
What type of nuclear decay occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of two protons and two neutrons?
alpha decay
What idea states that tiny particles do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow but in specific amounts?
quantum theory
What idea states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers?
Pauli exclusion principle
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?
mercury
Muddy water, aerosol spray, and ________ are examples of suspension.
dusty air
What formula shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound? (CH2)
empirical formula
What is the chemical name for the compound SCl4?
sulfur tetrachloride
What is the general term for a physical combination of pure substances?
mixture
What is the general term for a row of elements in the periodic table?
period
What must be present for hydrogen bonding to occur?
Hydrogen must be bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
What substances are composed of a single type of atom?
elements
What type of nuclear reactor produces more fuel than it consumes?
breeder reactor
What element has the symbol Ca?
calcium
What rule states that most atoms tend to react to obtain eight electrons in their valence shell?
octet rule
What value relates the number of moles of solute per mass of the solvent?
solubility
What substance is composed of two or more elements bonded together?
compound
When atoms with different electronegativities bond, what is the type of bond formed between the atoms?
polar
What theory states: 1.Every element consists of tiny particles called atoms 2.All atoms of a particular element have the same properties 3.Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different 4.Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form compounds 5.Chemical processes are the result of the rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms.
atomic theory
What is an atom that has a positive electric charge because of losing electrons?
cation
symbol for oxygen
O
symbol for potassium
K
symbol for sodium
Na
symbol for gold
Au
What is the organized study of the composition and interactions of matter?
chemistry
What is the process of mixing molecules of one substance with those of another substance by random molecular motion?
diffusion
By physical properties, elements are divided into three groups: metals, semimetals, and _______.
nonmetals
What is a homogeneous mixture that consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent?
solution
What is the chemical name for the covalent compound that contains one uranium atom and six fluorine atoms?
uranium hexafluoride
What term refers to the time required for one half of a radioactive sample to decay into a new substance?
half-life
What is a mixture containing tiny suspended clumps of particles called?
colloid
What term refers to the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule?
molecular mass
What unit refers to 6.022 X 10^23 particles of a substance?
mole
What are the electrons located in the outermost shell of any atom called?
valence electrons
What type of intermolecular force is present between all polar molecules but not between nonpolar molecules?
dipole-dipole force
Protons and neutrons are found in the ________.
nucleus
The law stating that elements show regular and repeating properties when arranged by increasing atomic number is the ________ law.
periodic
If the molecules of a mixture are not completely mixed together, the substance is a ________ mixture.
heterogeneous
What is the process of combining two nuclei to form a heavier nucleus?
fusion
Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal, and chlorine is a halogen. The substance MgCl2 most likely has ______ bonding.
ionic
What is the substance that is dissolved in a solution?
solute
Which group of metals is soft, shiny, and highly reactive?
Alkali metals
What is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule?
molecular mass
What is the formula for molality?
moles of solute/mass of solvent
