Test 8, Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

considered a high-level cloud.

A

cirrostratus

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2
Q

considered a mid-level cloud.

A

nimbostratus

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3
Q

cooling air becomes saturated at a temperature called the

A

dew point

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4
Q

what type of drought occurs when precipitation cannot supply enough moisture to the ground to support an area’s crops?

A

agricultural drought

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5
Q

what type of drought is based on a water shortage’s effect on people?

A

socioeconomic drought

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6
Q

which type of cloud forms a flat, gray layer of heavy clouds not far above the ground?

A

stratus

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7
Q

which type of front forms when a warm air mass moves into a region occupied by a cold air mass

A

warm front

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8
Q

which type of front forms a Y shape

A

occluded front

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9
Q

precipitation made of ice crystals that fall to the ground is called

A

snow

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10
Q

which type of air mass brings cool, wet weather

A

maritime polar

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11
Q

which type of air mass brings warm, moist weather

A

maritime tropical

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12
Q

the process of a liquid becoming a gas is

A

evaporation

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13
Q

when the temperature of air rises, relative humidity will

A

decrease

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14
Q

the year-round atmospheric conditions typical of a certain place are its

A

climate

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15
Q

the movement of water from the earth’s surface, into the air, and back to the surface is the ____ cycle.

A

water

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16
Q

an almond-shaped cloud is a

A

lenticular cloud

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17
Q

An ____ air mass brings very cold and dry weather

A

arctic

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18
Q

a low that forms along a front is called a

A

frontal cyclone

19
Q

which type of front forms when two air masses push against each other but neither advances?

A

stationary

20
Q

what is a mixture of smoke and fog called

A

smog

21
Q

what is the amount of water vapor in the air called

A

humidity

22
Q

what phenomenon occurs when an area receives an abnormally low amount of precipitation over a long period

A

drought

23
Q

what is rain that freezes before it hits the ground

A

sleet

24
Q

what is the study of weather and of the atmospheric conditions that produce weather

A

meteorology

25
Q

what phenomenon occurs when an air mass remains stationary over a region for a long time

A

air-mass weather

26
Q

list the 3 factors that affect the density of an air mass

A

temperature, humidity, pressure

27
Q

a substance going from a solid to a liquid is

A

melting

28
Q

water vapor in the air that touches the ground and turns to ice is

A

frost

29
Q

water vapor in the air that touches the cooler ground and turns to a liquid is

A

dew

30
Q

ice crystals in clouds that grow large enough to fall to the ground are

A

snowflakes

31
Q

layered balls of ice are called

A

hailstones

32
Q

white, billowy clouds that resemble piles of cotton puffs are

A

cumulus

33
Q

what type of fog is found along the slopes of mountains

A

upslope fog

34
Q

drops of liquid water that have a diameter of 0.5 millimeter or greater and fall from the clouds to Earth are called

A

rain

35
Q

snowflakes with white, feathery branches forming a leaf-or star-shaped pattern are

A

dendrites

36
Q

air that is completely full of water vapor and can hold no more is considered

A

saturated

37
Q

the most frequent type of cloud is the

A

stratocumulus

38
Q

Which of the following is true?
A cloud forms when a body of rising air reaches the dew point.
Clouds consist of tiny ice crystals or droplets of liquid water.
Most clouds result from adiabatic cooling of moist air.

A

all of them are true

39
Q

The ratio comparing the actual humidity to the humidity of saturated air under the same conditions is

A

relative humidity

40
Q

A large body of air with relatively uniform properties is an

A

air mass

41
Q

Airborne water vapor cannot turn into liquid without a small particle called a

A

condensation nucleus

42
Q

The 3 major factors that determine the earth’s weather are

A

heat energy, uneven distribution of heat energy, and water vapor

43
Q

A thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants is

A

photochemical smog

44
Q

List & explain the 2 processes that form rain.

A
Bergeron process (cold-cloud) - water vapor in portions of a cloud below freezing crystallizes around freezing nuclei.  The ice crystals absorb water vapor from the cloud and stick to each othr, growing large enough to be snowflakes.  The snowflakes fall through the cloud, melting in warmer air near the ground to form rain.
Collision-coalescence process - larger-than-normal condensation nuclei in regions of the cloud above freezing cause the formation of giant cloud droplets, which grow larger by colliding with smaller droplets.  When they become too big to remain suspended in the air, the droplets fall to the earth as rain.