Science Test 5, chap 5 Flashcards
One idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution is
theistic evolution
Which geologist popularized uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell
The hypothetical time scale that supposedly charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust is the
geologic column
Fossils that extend through several strata are ____ fossils
polystrate
The supposed starting point of cosmic evolution is
the big bang
The idea that the fittest and strongest of each species are more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker or unfit members of the species is
natural selection
What is the sudden appearance of life in the fossil record called?
Cambrian explosion
How often can science make authoritative statements about the origin of the earth
never
Which scientist first suggested that MANY catastrophes have shaped Earth’s geological features
Georges Cuvier
What is the belief that the universe and life originated by natural processes over billions of years?
evolution
Which of the following was a badly crushed ‘‘Homo habilis’’ skull that scientists found in Kenya?
Skull 1470
The belief that God called the universe and all that is in it into existence out of nothing is
special creation
The principle of ___ states that the same scientific laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history.
uniformity
From longest to shortest, the time periods into which evolutionists divide the geologic column are __, eras, __, and ___.
eons, periods, epochs
When an organism shows no change between its appearance in the fossil record and at the present day, scientists refer to this as
stasis
The false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate is known as
uniformitarianism
The idea that one or more catastrophes are primarily responsible for Earth’s geological features is
catastrophism
Charles ___ popularized evolution with his book On The Origin of Species
Darwin
The evolutionary hypothesis that states that new kinds of organisms arise quickly because of rapid genetic changes is _____________
punctuated equilibrium
The study of fossils is _______
paleontology
A fossil that is considered characteristic of a specific period is a ______
index fossil
The size of the portion of the skull that contains the brain is the _______
cranial capacity
Another name for transitional forms is _________
intermediates
'’missing link’’ thought to be a transitional form between amphibians and reptiles
Seymouria
'’missing link’’ thought to be a transitional form between reptiles and birds
Archaeopteryx
deep-sea fish thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians
coelecanth
'’missing link’’ thought to be a transitional form between fish and tetrapods
Tiktaalik
Where in the earth’s crust is the geologic column found in its entirety
nowhere
What is the most famous australopithecine?
Lucy (or Australopithecus afarensis)
Can’t scientists stick with a normal name for once?
How many years ago did the Flood probably occur?
5000-6000 years
Does the geological record support and confirm the Genesis Flood?
yes
What is a radiometric dating method used on organic materials?
carbon-14 dating
What term refers to the gap formed when continuous strata are missing one or more layers?
unconformity
What are the preserved remains of plants, animals, or humans in sedimentary rock?
fossils
modern man’s classification
Homo sapiens
human ‘‘ancestor’’ reconstructed from a few teeth and bone fragments
Ramapithecus
Java man
Homo erectus
Oh, they had coffee back then?
'’southern apes’’
australopithecine
chimpanzeelike ‘‘missing link’’ called ‘‘handy man’’
Homo habilis
fossil lost during World War II
Peking man
'’upright man’’
Homo erectus
human ‘‘ancestor’’ who was fully human but probably had rickets
Neanderthal man
Explain how using the order of fossils in the geologic column to support evolution is an example of circular reasoning.
- The supposed stage of evolution is used to determine the ‘‘age’’ of fossils in a rock.
- The ‘‘age’’ of fossils in a rock is used to determine the age of the rock.
- Arranging the rocks in order from ‘‘oldest’’ to ‘‘youngest’’ shows the supposed sequence of evolution.
- Although the order of fossils in the geologic column appears to show evolution, using the geologic column to support evolution is circular reasoning because the order of fossils is based on the assumption of evolution.
