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8th Science - Earth and Space > Science Test 7, Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Science Test 7, Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The outermost layer of the atmosphere is the

A

exosphere

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2
Q

Air flowing up a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure is a(n) ____ wind.

A

anabatic

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3
Q

What type of wind occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevations due to gravity?

A

fall wind

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4
Q

What very dry and often dusty wind blows in Southern California?

A

Santa Ana

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5
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere ‘‘bounces’’ certain types of radio waves back toward the ground?

A

ionosphere

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6
Q

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is

A

radiation

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7
Q

Heat transfer by moving currents of hot air is

A

convection

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8
Q

A cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea is a

A

land breeze

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9
Q

What is the most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation?

A

UVC

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10
Q

What type of radiation causes tanning and sunburns?

A

UVB

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11
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere is characterized by high temperatures?

A

thermosphere

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12
Q

The most abundant gas in the homosphere is

A

nitrogen

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13
Q

The process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat is lost is ___ heating.

A

adiabatic

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14
Q

The coldest point in the atmosphere is the

A

mesopause

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15
Q

What marks the upper boundary of the thermosphere?

A

thermopause

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

A

Insolation warms water more quickly than it warms land.

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17
Q

Winds that reverse their direction from season to season are called

A

monsoons

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18
Q

A warm, dry wind that travels down a slope is a

A

foehn

19
Q

Label each convection cell beside the corresponding number.

A

polar cell, Ferrel cell, Hadley cell

20
Q

Upper troposphere waves that play a large part in the formation of cyclones and anticyclones are called

A

Rossby waves

21
Q

The four main factors that affect insolation are __, __, ___, and Earth’s distance from the sun.

A

Cloud cover, length of daytime, angle of the sun’s rays

22
Q

The scientific name for the northern and southern lights is

A

auroras

23
Q

The layer of the atmosphere that acts as a ‘‘shield’’ to protect the earth’s surface is the

A

ozone layer

24
Q

least understood layer of the atmosphere

A

mesosphere

25
Q

the atmosphere’s ‘‘weather layer’’

A

troposphere

26
Q

strong, steady winds but few changes of weather

A

stratosphere

27
Q

portion of the earth’s magnetic field that is affected by the solar winds

A

magnetosphere

28
Q

What term refers to the decimal equivalent of solar radiation that an object reflects?

A

albedo

29
Q

What is the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet?

A

atmosphere

30
Q

What is a circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system?

A

cyclone

31
Q

What term refers to the amount of energy available to hear the earth’s land, water, and air?

A

energy budget

32
Q

Name the process that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere.

A

greenhouse effect

33
Q

What beltlike regions surround the earth and trap particles from the solar wind?

A

Van Allen radiation belts

34
Q

regions of high pressure and gentle wind at 30* north and south latitude

A

horse latitudes

35
Q

surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator

A

trade winds

36
Q

equatorial zone where sailing ships were often left without wind

A

ITCZ

37
Q

high-altitude wind in a narrow, meandering band

A

jet stream

38
Q

A circulating spiral of wind around a high-pressure system is called a ____

A

anticyclone

39
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is ___ pounds per square inch.

A

14.7

40
Q

Extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space is ____

A

cosmic rays

41
Q

The most important greenhouse gas is ____

A

water vapor

42
Q

The region in which a magnet affects other objects is the _____

A

magnetic field

43
Q

The lower layer of the atmosphere is the ____

A

homosphere

44
Q

Explain what the Coriolis effect is and why it occurs.

A
  • The Coriolis effect is the way in which the earth’s rotation causes a change in the course of the winds.
  • One factor that causes the Coriolis effect is inertia, the tendency for matter to stay at rest if at rest or to continue moving if in motion. Inertia makes an object tend to keep the same condition of motion with which it started out.
  • Another factor that causes the Coriolis effect is that objects on the earth’s rotating surface travel at different speeds depending on their distance from the axis.
  • The combined effect of these two factors causes an apparent shift in the earth’s winds as they move north and south.

8th Science - Earth and Space (48 decks)

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