Test

Question 1

Low affinity IgM is effective at eliminating microorganisms because (compared to IgG)

Answer 1

IgG has 2 binding sites. IgM has 10 binding sites. Therefor, even with low affinity, it can still have high avidity

Question 2

B cell proliferation cytokines

Answer 2

IL-2, 4, 5

Question 3

IFN-y effect on B cell

Answer 3

Become plasma cell secreting IgG

Question 4

TGF-b effect on B cell

Answer 4

Become plasma cell secreting IgA

Question 5

IL-4 effect on B cell

Answer 5

Become plasma cell secreting IgE or IgG

Question 6

IL-2, 4, 5 effect on B cell

Answer 6

Become plasma cell secreting IgM for complement activation

Question 7

Which Ig can transport across epithelium

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

Subclasses of different IgG have slightly different sequences where

Answer 8

In their H-Chains which results in the different functional activities

Question 9

IgG provides the bulk of immunity for

Answer 9

Blood born pathogens

Question 10

IgM and IgD- what happens when one binds an antigen while on B cell

Answer 10

B cell internalizes Ag, processes it and presents it to helper T cell. It then proliferates and differentiates into Ab secreting plasma cell

Question 11

First antibody produced by Ag-activated B cell prior to contact with Th cell

Answer 11

IgM

Question 12

Secretory component (SC) of IgA function

Answer 12

Involved in transepithelial transport of exocrine IgA and stabilizes IgA against degradation in the GI tract

Question 13

Secretory IgA function

Answer 13

Binds to antigens and prevents or inhibits their attachment to/or invasion of epithelial cells

Question 14

Hassals corpuscles are involved in

Answer 14

Generating T regulatory cells

Question 15

White pulp is made up of

Answer 15

T and B cell zones

Question 16

IFN a/b have potent

Answer 16

Antiviral activities

Question 17

What triggers the expression of E and P selection on endothelial cells, and what synthesizes the molecules

Answer 17

E-Selectin- IL-1 and TNF, synthesized by mast cells and macrophages
P-Selectin- Histamine or thrombin trigger expression

Question 18

MCP-1 chemokine does what

Answer 18

Mediates recruitment of monocytes

Question 19

CD44 expressed where, binds what, and causes what

Answer 19

Expressed on T cells, binds E-selectin or HA on activated endothelial cells, causes increased integrin affinity (inside-out signaling)

Question 20

IL-12 effect and what produces it

Answer 20

Produced by macrophages, stimulates IFN-y production by NK cells and T cells

Question 21

IL-15 effect

Answer 21

Proliferation of NK cells

Question 22

IL-12 and TGF-b effect

Answer 22

Control of inflammation

Question 23

Which TLRs recognize extracellular pathogens

Answer 23

1, 2, 4, 5, 6

Question 24

Which TLRs recognize intracellular pathogens

Answer 24

3, 7, 8, 9

Question 25

What triggers inflammasome activation

Answer 25

Crystals, reduction in cytosolic K+, microbial products

Question 26

SR-AI and SR-AII mediate

Answer 26

The uptake of oxidized lipoproteins which leads to atherosclerosis

Question 27

SRs bind molecules based on

Answer 27

Negative charges

Question 28

Eukaryotic cell carbohydrates vs microbial carbs

Answer 28

Eukaryotic carbs are terminated by galactose and sialic acid. Bacterial carbs are have mannose, n-acetylglucosamine and B-glucans

Question 29

DAMPs include

Answer 29

ATP, Lipid (oxLDL, saturated fatty acids) HSP, HMGB1

Question 30

Monocytes/macrophages begin arriving at sites of inflammation after how long

Answer 30

16-48 hours

Question 31

Defensins are produced by

Answer 31

Epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, neutrophils, NK cells, CTLs

Question 32

Cathelecidins produced by

Answer 32

Neutrophils

Question 33

Cathelecidins function

Answer 33

Direct or indirect toxicity to microbes (can activate leukocytes) Bind and neutralize LPS Some can play anti-inflammatory role by binding DNA and blocking inflammasome activation

Question 34

Effect when natural killer cell releases IFN-y vs IL-10

Answer 34

If IFN-y is released, macrophages and T cell responses are boosted If IL-10 is released, they are dampened

Question 35

Ligands MICA/MICB

Answer 35

Absent on healthy cells, expressed upon cellular stress associated with viral infection/malignant transformation NK cells have NKG2D receptors that recognize MICA/MICB and activate them

Question 36

IL-1 secreted by, causes

Answer 36

Secreted by macrophages, activates endothelial cells, causes fever, synthesis of APPs by liver

Question 37

CRP and SAP

Answer 37

CRP- recognizes phosphorylcholine on bacteria SAP- recognizes phosphatidylethanolamine on apoptotic cells Both can activate complement system by binding C1q