Lecture 7: MHC and Antigen Presentation to T Cells Flashcards
Cell mediated immunity is due to
The direct action of T cells
T cells also HELP with
HELP mount a robust Ab-mediated humoral immune response directed against extracellular pathogens
TCR
T cell antigen receptor
Glycoprotein
Only recognizes peptides bound to MHC molecules
Each T cell recognizes
Only one specific foreign peptide
CD4+ T helper cells recognize
Peptide Ags in the context of MHC class II molecules that are expressed by DCs, macrophages and B cells
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize
Peptides associated with MHC class I molecules
Differential requirement for CD4 and CD8 in the context of MHCs relates to
The fact that CD4 and CD* attach to the non-variable part of the MHC class II and I molecules, respectively
Does recognition of the peptide Ag by the TCR activate T cells?
No, this is not sufficient. There must also be co-stimulatory molecules expressed by APCs
T-cell activation leads to production of
IL-2, which controls clonal expansion of the specific T cells
Th1
Helper T cell
Activated Th1 produce IFN-y which activate macrophages and help development of cytotoxic T cells to kill virus infected cells
(intracellular microbes)
Th2
Helper T cell
Help B cells develop into memory cells and plasma cells that produce antibodies
Produce IL-4, important for B cell proliferation
(extracellular microbes)
a/b T cells vs yd T cells
ab T cells are conventional T cells
yd T cells have some characteristics of ab T cells but have broader specificity for unconventional Ags such as HSP and phospholipids
TCR associates with what
CD3, a signaling complex
MHC class II expressed on
Only on professional Antigen Presenting Cells APCs
DCs, macrophages, B cells
MHC class I expressed on
All nucleated cells in the body
Two classes of MHC genes encode
Human leukocyte antigen HLA that can bind peptides and are thus critical to Ag presentation
Polymorphic regions of MHC class I and II
Peptide binding domains
MHC I- binds peptides 8-10 AAs long
MHC II- binds peptides 10-20 AAs long