Lecture 7: MHC and Antigen Presentation to T Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cell mediated immunity is due to

A

The direct action of T cells

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2
Q

T cells also HELP with

A

HELP mount a robust Ab-mediated humoral immune response directed against extracellular pathogens

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3
Q

TCR

A

T cell antigen receptor
Glycoprotein
Only recognizes peptides bound to MHC molecules

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4
Q

Each T cell recognizes

A

Only one specific foreign peptide

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5
Q

CD4+ T helper cells recognize

A

Peptide Ags in the context of MHC class II molecules that are expressed by DCs, macrophages and B cells

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6
Q

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize

A

Peptides associated with MHC class I molecules

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7
Q

Differential requirement for CD4 and CD8 in the context of MHCs relates to

A

The fact that CD4 and CD* attach to the non-variable part of the MHC class II and I molecules, respectively

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8
Q

Does recognition of the peptide Ag by the TCR activate T cells?

A

No, this is not sufficient. There must also be co-stimulatory molecules expressed by APCs

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9
Q

T-cell activation leads to production of

A

IL-2, which controls clonal expansion of the specific T cells

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10
Q

Th1

A

Helper T cell
Activated Th1 produce IFN-y which activate macrophages and help development of cytotoxic T cells to kill virus infected cells
(intracellular microbes)

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11
Q

Th2

A

Helper T cell
Help B cells develop into memory cells and plasma cells that produce antibodies
Produce IL-4, important for B cell proliferation
(extracellular microbes)

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12
Q

a/b T cells vs yd T cells

A

ab T cells are conventional T cells
yd T cells have some characteristics of ab T cells but have broader specificity for unconventional Ags such as HSP and phospholipids

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13
Q

TCR associates with what

A

CD3, a signaling complex

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14
Q

MHC class II expressed on

A

Only on professional Antigen Presenting Cells APCs

DCs, macrophages, B cells

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15
Q

MHC class I expressed on

A

All nucleated cells in the body

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16
Q

Two classes of MHC genes encode

A

Human leukocyte antigen HLA that can bind peptides and are thus critical to Ag presentation

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17
Q

Polymorphic regions of MHC class I and II

A

Peptide binding domains
MHC I- binds peptides 8-10 AAs long
MHC II- binds peptides 10-20 AAs long

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18
Q

Class I molecules composed of

A

Polymorphic a-chain, non-covalently attached to the non-polymorphic B2-microglobulin
alpha-chain is glycosylated

19
Q

Class II molecules composed of

A

Polymorphic a-chain non-covalently attached to polymorphic B chain
Both chains are glycosylated

20
Q

Anchor residue

A

Residues on peptides that bind to residues in class I and II grooves and vary for different MHC alleles

21
Q

Co-dominant expression of MHC

A

Both parental alleles of each MHC gene are expressed, increasing number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells

22
Q

Polymorphic genes and MHC

A

Ensures that different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides

23
Q

Peptides that bind to MHC class I are derived from

A

Viruses and other intracellular microbes that have infected host cells
(endogenous pathway)

24
Q

Peptides binding to MHC class II are derived from

A

Mostly Ags and extracellular pathogens taken from the environment

25
Q

Dendritic cell class II expression

A

Constitutive, increases with maturation

Increased by IFN-y

26
Q

Dendritic cell principal function

A

Initiation of T cell responses to protein antigens

27
Q

Macrophage Class II expression

A

Low or negative, inducible by IFN-y

28
Q

Macrophage principal function

A

Effector phase of cell-mediated immune responses

29
Q

B lymphocytes class II expression

A

Constitutive, increased by IL-4

30
Q

B lymphocyte principal function

A

Ag presentation to CD4+ helper T cells in humoral immune response

31
Q

CD40 and CD40L

A

CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on professional APCs and is required for their activation. The binding of CD40L on T cells to CD40 activates the APC

32
Q

Microbial Ags entering through skin, GI and respiratory tracts are responded to by

A

Dendritic cells and transported to lymph nodes

33
Q

Ags entering the blood stream are captured by

A

APCs in the spleen

34
Q

Tissue resident DC expression Vs activated DC expression

A

Tissue resident DCs express mannose and Fc receptors

Activated DCs express molecules involved in T cell activation (B7, ICAM-1, IL-12)

35
Q

NK cells and T cells produce

A
IFN-y, which stimulates class II MHC expression on APCs and thus enhances the activation of CD4+ T cells
(IFN-y and type I interferons have similar effect on expression of MHC class I molecules and activation of CD8+ T cells)
36
Q

a/b T cells recognize

A

Linear peptides

Cell-associated, non-soluble Ags

37
Q

CD4+ T cells recognize

A

Extracellular Ags because MHC II molecules display peptides that are taken up from the extracellular environment of APCs by pino/phagocytosis

38
Q

CD8+ T cells recognize

A

Intracellular Ags because MHC I molecules present peptides from cytosolic proteins including intracellular pathogens

39
Q

CLIP

A
Class II associated invariant chain peptide
-There are a lot of self peptides in the ER which are prevented from binding to class II MHC by the invariant chain
40
Q

HLA-DM

A

Causes dissociation of CLIP from peptide binding groove of MHC II
Stabilizes and prevents degradation of the empty MHC II
Facilitates the binding of Ag fragments to the open, stabilized binding groove

41
Q

TAP

A

Transporter associated with Ag processing

Transports processed cytosolic peptides into the ER to be matched with MHC I molecule

42
Q

How do DCs present Ags for CD8+ T cells

A
Fragments of cells infected with intracellular microbes are ingested by DCs
Ags are transported into cytosol and presented in association with class I MHC molecules to CD8 T cells
Thus, DCs are able to present extracellular Ags by the class I pathway
43
Q

Immunodominant peptides

A

Processing generates multiple different peptides

Immunodominant peptide is the best fit