Lecture 23: Allergy Flashcards
Which lymphocytes and cytokines are very important in allergy responses
Th2 cells, IL-4, 5, 13
NB! Allergens are a diverse group of ___ and _______
Proteins and glycoproteins
Which receptors are commonly activated in allergic responses
PRRs
What plays an important role in allergens being able to cross the skin/mucosa
Protease activity of the allergen
Atopy is most easily defined as
The presence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen
-Or the propensity for developing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental allergens
Which genes are known to be involved in predisposition to allergy
B chain of high affinity receptor for IgE (FceRIB)
IL-4 gene
HLA-DR genes
CD14 gene
What is CD14
It constitutes part of the receptor for bacterial LPS
What plays larger role in allergies- environment or genes
Environment
Hygiene hypothesis suggests what as the cause of increasing prevalence of allergy
Shift from Th1 to Th2 type of immunity
Decreased number/activity of Treg cells
Increased incidence of allergy is associated with decreased exposure to common infections in early life
Neonatal immune system shows bias towards Th1 or Th2- how do infections early in life affect this
Th2 - infection early in life can cause Th1 response and restore the Th1/Th2 balance
Increase in Treg cells after infections can limit the development of unrelated allergies
Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils- Where do each of them mature and can they be found in circulation?
Which has longest life span
Basophil, Eosinophil- Mature in bone marrow, Yes
Mast cell- Mature in CT, not found it circulation
Mast cells live weeks to months
Major development factor for mast cells, eosinophils and basophils
Mast cells- Stem cell factor, IL-3
Basophils- IL-3
Eosinophils- IL-5
Mast cell granule contents
Histamine, heparin sulfate and or chondroitin sulfate, proteases
Basophil granule contents
Histamine, chondroitin sulfate, proteases
Eosinophil granule contents
Major basic protein, peroxidases, hydrolases, lysophospholipase