Lecture 1: Overview of Immune Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular innate components

A

Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), dendritic cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells

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2
Q

Steps in functional response of phagocytes

A

Recruitment of cells to site of infection
Recognition and activation by microbes
Ingestion of microbes by phagocytosis
Destruction of ingested microbes

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3
Q

Function of cytokines

A

Regulate growth and differentiation of all immune cells

Activate the effector functions of lymphocytes/phagocytes

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4
Q

Reactivity to self for innate and/or adaptive immunity?

A

None

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5
Q

Humoral innate components

A

Complements, APPs, cytokines, chemokines

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6
Q

T or F: Innate immune system exists before infection

A

True

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7
Q

Cells communicate through

A

Direct cell-cell contact and through interactions involving cytokines and chemokines

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8
Q

Macrophage maturation stages

A

Monocytes enter the blood circulation and migrate into tissues, where they further mature into macrophages, especially during inflammation

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9
Q

Each cytokine acts via

A

Specific signaling receptor expressed on target cell

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10
Q

Phagocytes include

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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11
Q

Macrophages produced where and stimulated by

A

Produced in bone marrow, stimulated by M-CSF

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12
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Longer to develop
Highly specific
Shows memory

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13
Q

How does innate immune system respond after repeated exposures to Ag

A

Same way every time

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14
Q

Phagocytes

A

Ability to ingest and digest microbes (innate)

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15
Q

Dendritic cell function

A

Potent stimulators of T cells to induce adaptive immunity
Can divide to myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs
Also include langerhans cells

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16
Q

Mast cell location/function

A

Common at sites in the body exposed to external environment (skin)
Close proximity to blood vessels
Can release mediators to modulate behavior of nearby cells

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17
Q

Neutrophils are produced where and production is stimulated by what

A

In the bone marrow, stimulated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

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18
Q

Response to intracellular infections

A

Cytotoxic T cells
NK T cells
Macrophages/phagocytes

19
Q

Innate immune cells include

A

Phagocytes
Natural killer cells
Blood components

20
Q

Specificity of innate immunity is for

A

Ags shared by groups of related microbes and molecules produced by damaged host cells

21
Q

Neutrophil life span

A

Circulate in blood for few hours to few days

22
Q

What is an antibody

A

Protein produced by immune system when it detects antigens

23
Q

Activated phagocytes secrete

A

Cytokines or promote or regulate immune responses

24
Q

Diversity of innate immunity

A

Limited- germline encoded

25
Q

Specificity of adaptive immunity is for

A

Microbial and non-microbial antigens

26
Q

Response to extracellular infections

A

Polymorphonuclear cells PMNs (Neutrophils/phagocytes)
Antibodies
Complement

27
Q

Cytokines

A

Cell signaling molecules that aid cell to cell communication in immune response

28
Q

Innate immune system recognizes

A

Common Ags belonging to groups of related microbes.

Do not distinguish fine differences between microbes

29
Q

T cell receptors recognize

A

Linear amino acid sequence

30
Q

What mediates the earliest phases of inflammatory reactions

A

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

31
Q

Dendritic cells do what and function in what type of immunity

A

Comprise a diverse group of antigen presenting cells.

Function in innate immunity

32
Q

Macrophages function in what type of immunity

A

Both innate and adaptive immunity. They can assume specialized phenotypes depending on the tissue in which they reside

33
Q

Acute phase proteins APP

A

Group of blood proteins whose plasma concentraions change in response to tissue injury, acute infections, burns or inflammation (Part of Innate immune system)

34
Q

What is an epitope

A

A portion of an antigen to which the antibody binds

Can be multiple on one antigen

35
Q

Mast cell, basophils and eosinophils type of immunity

A

Innate and adaptive immune responses
Protect against helminthes and reactions causing allergic disease
Have cytoplasmic granules filled with various inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

36
Q

Innate immunite

A

Rapid
Causes acute inflammation
Some specificity for Ag
No memory

37
Q

Immunogens are

A

Antigens that can stimulate an immune response

38
Q

Haptens are

A

Small antigens that can bind Abs but do not initiate immune response

39
Q

Antimicrobial peptides are

A

Small peptides which target pathogenic organsims

40
Q

What are antigens

A

Substances that induce an immune response

i.e. proteins, carbs, lipids and nucleic acids

41
Q

Diversity of adaptive immunity

A

Very diverse- receptors produced by somatic recombination of gene elements

42
Q

Complement system

A

A system of plasma proteins that enhances the ability of Abs and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens (innate immune system)

43
Q

Chemokines

A

Subfamily of cytokines secreted by immune cells to induce chemotaxis (movement) in nearby cells