Lecture 2: Cells and Tissues of the Adaptive Immune System

Question 1

Two major types of lymphocyes

Answer 1

B cells

T cells

Question 2

What is critical for development of specific immunity

Answer 2

Interactions between T-cells and B-cells, and between T-cells and APCs

Question 3

T cells develop and mature where

Answer 3

Thymus

Question 4

What gives rise to cellular immunity

Answer 4

When a mature T-cell is Ag stimulated, it gives rise to cellular immunity

Question 5

B-cells develop and mature where, and give rise to what

Answer 5

Develop and mature in the bone marrow and give rise to humoral immunity

Question 6

Humoral adaptive immunity mediated by

Answer 6

Abs in the blood produced by B cells

Question 7

What is the principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins?

Answer 7

Humoral adaptive immunity

Question 8

Cellular immunity is controlled by

Answer 8

Responses of T-cells which function in concert with Ag-presenting cells and phagocytes

Question 9

Cellular mediated immunity defends against

Answer 9

Intracellular microbes, such as viruses and some bacteria, which are inaccessible to circulating Abs

Question 10

Function of CMI

Answer 10

Killing of infected host cells cell eliminate reservoirs of infecion

Question 11

Helper T cells help how

Answer 11

Help B-cells to make effective Abs

Question 12

Humoral immunity overview

Answer 12

B lymphocytes secrete Abs that prevent infection and eliminate extracellular microbes

Question 13

CMI overview

Answer 13

Helper T cells activate macrophages to kill phagocytized microbes, or activate cytotoxic T cells to directly destroy infected cell

Question 14

What cell responds to a macrophage with phagocytosed microbes

Answer 14

Helper T lymphocytes

Question 15

What cell responds to a cell with intracellular microbes (e.g. a virus)

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 16

What responds to extracellular microbes

Answer 16

B lymphocytes

Question 17

Clonal expansion

Answer 17

Increases the number of Ag-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
Ag-specific clones of lymphocytes develop before and independent of exposure to Ag

Question 18

Clonal expansion lymphocyte-Ag interaction

Answer 18

When Ag is introduced in individual, lymphocytes with receptors for that Ag bind it and are triggered to proliferate and differentiate into clones of cells specific for that Ag

Question 19

Memory cells vs Naive lymphocytes

Answer 19

Memory cells are more numerous and respond faster and more effectively- generation of memory responses is an important goal of vaccination

Question 20

Active immunity specificity and/or memory?

Answer 20

Yes to both

Question 21

Passive immunity specificity and/or memory?

Answer 21

Yes specificity, no memory

Question 22

Passive immunity

Answer 22

Adoptive transfer of antibodies or t lymphocytes specific for microbe

Question 23

What generates immunologic memory

Answer 23

Only active immune responses

Question 24

B-lymphocytes

Answer 24

Recognize soluble Ags and develop into Ab-secreting cells

Question 25

T helper lymphocytes

Answer 25

Recognizes Ags on the surfaces of Ag-presenting cells and secrete cytokines, which stimulate mechanisms of immunity and inflammation (activate macrophages, t/b lymphocytes, inflammation)

Question 26

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Answer 26

Recognize Ags on infected cells and kill them

Question 27

Regulatory T cells

Answer 27

Suppress and prevent immune respones (e.g., to self antigens)

Question 28

Primary lymph organs

Answer 28

Thymus and Bone marrow

Question 29

Secondary lymph organs

Answer 29

Spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Question 30

Ag-specific receptors located

Answer 30

On surface of T and B cells. They are the same on a single cell but vary from cell to cell

Question 31

Most T-cells produced when and why

Answer 31

Early in life because thymus is large and then becomes smaller and replaced by fat and CT later

Question 32

What plays important role in T cell developement

Answer 32

Cytokines

Question 33

T-cells make contact with epithelial cells, DCs, and macrophages where

Answer 33

In the thymus

Question 34

Generation of naive lymphocytes

Answer 34

Pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow migrate to thymus to develop

Question 35

Helper T cells express what and provide

Answer 35

CD4 and provide help for B-cell growth/differentiation

Question 36

Cytotoxic T cells express and do what

Answer 36

CD8 and recognized and kill virus infected cells

Question 37

Functionally mature T cells migrate where

Answer 37

To secondary lymphoid tissues to mediate protection

Question 38

Bone marrow produces

Answer 38

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

Question 39

Bone marrow color at ages

Answer 39

Birth- all red Puberty-starts converting to yellow Adults- half red half yellow

Question 40

Differentiation of B cells occurs where in fetus and adult

Answer 40

Fetus- liver | Adult- bone marrow

Question 41

Development of B cells involves contact with

Answer 41

Stromal cells and cytokines

Question 42

Lifetime production site of B cells is

Answer 42

Bone marrow

Question 43

Where are lymphocytes NOT found

Answer 43

Eye, Brain, Testicles

Question 44

Lymphocytes enter secondary lymph organs through

Answer 44

High endothelial venules HEVs

Question 45

Diapedesis

Answer 45

Method by which lymphocytes migrate from blood into the tissue in response to cytokines

Question 46

How do lymphocytes re-enter the circulation

Answer 46

Efferent lymph vessels

Question 47

Activation of B cells

Answer 47

Naive B cells migrate to secondary lymph tissues where they look for and respond to soluble foreign Ags

Question 48

Activated B cells do what

Answer 48

Proliferate and mature into memory cells or plasma cells

Question 49

Plasma cells are

Answer 49

Terminally differentiated B cell which produce and secrete Abs

Question 50

Spleen white pulp

Answer 50

Made up of T cell and B cells

Question 51

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath composed of

Answer 51

T cells

Question 52

Lymphoid follicle composed of

Answer 52

B cells

Question 53

T-cell activation

Answer 53

Naive T cells travel to secondary lymph organs and are activated by Ags Then differentiate into effector or memory T cells Some effector/memory t cells migrate back into peripheral sites of infection Some stay in the lymph nodes and help Ag-activated B cells to become "an Ab factory"

Question 54

Dendritic cells enter the lymph node through what and migrate where

Answer 54

Afferent lymphatic vessels and migrate to T cell rich areas

Question 55

Another name for secondary lymph follicle

Answer 55

Germinal center- occurs after Ag stimulation

Question 56

Professional Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include

Answer 56

Dendritic cells Tissue macrophages B cells

Question 57

T or false- B cells require and APC

Answer 57

False, T cells require APCs

Question 58

What activates naive T cells in the Lymph nodes

Answer 58

Only dendritic cells can do this

Question 59

Macrophages and B cells can present Ags to

Answer 59

Activated T cells but not naive T cells

Question 60

Cellular link b/w innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 60

DCs and macrophages are innate cells and therefor provide a link between the two immunity types

Question 61

DCs are from what lineage

Answer 61

Myeloid lineage

Question 62

myeloid DCs are derived from

Answer 62

Monocytes

Question 63

Classical DCs, pDCs and Langerhans cells develop from

Answer 63

Directly from stem cells

Question 64

How do DCs aquire Ags

Answer 64

Receptor mediate endocytosis/pinocytosis

Question 65

Activated DCs secrete

Answer 65

Cytokines

Question 66

Classical DCs reside where and migrate where

Answer 66

Skin, mucosa, organ parenchyma. | Migrate to LNs where they display Ags to T cells

Question 67

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) function

Answer 67

Early cellular responders to viral infection | Recognize nucleic acid of intracellular viruses and produce soluble interferons (IFN-a/b)