Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Lecture 2: Cells and Tissues of the Adaptive Immune System > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cells and Tissues of the Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Two major types of lymphocyes

A

B cells

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is critical for development of specific immunity

A

Interactions between T-cells and B-cells, and between T-cells and APCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T cells develop and mature where

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What gives rise to cellular immunity

A

When a mature T-cell is Ag stimulated, it gives rise to cellular immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

B-cells develop and mature where, and give rise to what

A

Develop and mature in the bone marrow and give rise to humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Humoral adaptive immunity mediated by

A

Abs in the blood produced by B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins?

A

Humoral adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cellular immunity is controlled by

A

Responses of T-cells which function in concert with Ag-presenting cells and phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cellular mediated immunity defends against

A

Intracellular microbes, such as viruses and some bacteria, which are inaccessible to circulating Abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of CMI

A

Killing of infected host cells cell eliminate reservoirs of infecion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Helper T cells help how

A

Help B-cells to make effective Abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Humoral immunity overview

A

B lymphocytes secrete Abs that prevent infection and eliminate extracellular microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CMI overview

A

Helper T cells activate macrophages to kill phagocytized microbes, or activate cytotoxic T cells to directly destroy infected cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cell responds to a macrophage with phagocytosed microbes

A

Helper T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cell responds to a cell with intracellular microbes (e.g. a virus)

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What responds to extracellular microbes

A

B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clonal expansion

A

Increases the number of Ag-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
Ag-specific clones of lymphocytes develop before and independent of exposure to Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clonal expansion lymphocyte-Ag interaction

A

When Ag is introduced in individual, lymphocytes with receptors for that Ag bind it and are triggered to proliferate and differentiate into clones of cells specific for that Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Memory cells vs Naive lymphocytes

A

Memory cells are more numerous and respond faster and more effectively- generation of memory responses is an important goal of vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Active immunity specificity and/or memory?

A

Yes to both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Passive immunity specificity and/or memory?

A

Yes specificity, no memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Passive immunity

A

Adoptive transfer of antibodies or t lymphocytes specific for microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What generates immunologic memory

A

Only active immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

Recognize soluble Ags and develop into Ab-secreting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T helper lymphocytes

A

Recognizes Ags on the surfaces of Ag-presenting cells and secrete cytokines, which stimulate mechanisms of immunity and inflammation (activate macrophages, t/b lymphocytes, inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

Recognize Ags on infected cells and kill them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

Suppress and prevent immune respones (e.g., to self antigens)

28
Q

Primary lymph organs

A

Thymus and Bone marrow

29
Q

Secondary lymph organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

30
Q

Ag-specific receptors located

A

On surface of T and B cells. They are the same on a single cell but vary from cell to cell

31
Q

Most T-cells produced when and why

A

Early in life because thymus is large and then becomes smaller and replaced by fat and CT later

32
Q

What plays important role in T cell developement

A

Cytokines

33
Q

T-cells make contact with epithelial cells, DCs, and macrophages where

A

In the thymus

34
Q

Generation of naive lymphocytes

A

Pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow migrate to thymus to develop

35
Q

Helper T cells express what and provide

A

CD4 and provide help for B-cell growth/differentiation

36
Q

Cytotoxic T cells express and do what

A

CD8 and recognized and kill virus infected cells

37
Q

Functionally mature T cells migrate where

A

To secondary lymphoid tissues to mediate protection

38
Q

Bone marrow produces

A

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

39
Q

Bone marrow color at ages

A

Birth- all red
Puberty-starts converting to yellow
Adults- half red half yellow

40
Q

Differentiation of B cells occurs where in fetus and adult

A

Fetus- liver

Adult- bone marrow

41
Q

Development of B cells involves contact with

A

Stromal cells and cytokines

42
Q

Lifetime production site of B cells is

A

Bone marrow

43
Q

Where are lymphocytes NOT found

A

Eye, Brain, Testicles

44
Q

Lymphocytes enter secondary lymph organs through

A

High endothelial venules HEVs

45
Q

Diapedesis

A

Method by which lymphocytes migrate from blood into the tissue in response to cytokines

46
Q

How do lymphocytes re-enter the circulation

A

Efferent lymph vessels

47
Q

Activation of B cells

A

Naive B cells migrate to secondary lymph tissues where they look for and respond to soluble foreign Ags

48
Q

Activated B cells do what

A

Proliferate and mature into memory cells or plasma cells

49
Q

Plasma cells are

A

Terminally differentiated B cell which produce and secrete Abs

50
Q

Spleen white pulp

A

Made up of T cell and B cells

51
Q

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath composed of

A

T cells

52
Q

Lymphoid follicle composed of

A

B cells

53
Q

T-cell activation

A

Naive T cells travel to secondary lymph organs and are activated by Ags
Then differentiate into effector or memory T cells
Some effector/memory t cells migrate back into peripheral sites of infection
Some stay in the lymph nodes and help Ag-activated B cells to become “an Ab factory”

54
Q

Dendritic cells enter the lymph node through what and migrate where

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels and migrate to T cell rich areas

55
Q

Another name for secondary lymph follicle

A

Germinal center- occurs after Ag stimulation

56
Q

Professional Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include

A

Dendritic cells
Tissue macrophages
B cells

57
Q

T or false- B cells require and APC

A

False, T cells require APCs

58
Q

What activates naive T cells in the Lymph nodes

A

Only dendritic cells can do this

59
Q

Macrophages and B cells can present Ags to

A

Activated T cells but not naive T cells

60
Q

Cellular link b/w innate and adaptive immunity

A

DCs and macrophages are innate cells and therefor provide a link between the two immunity types

61
Q

DCs are from what lineage

A

Myeloid lineage

62
Q

myeloid DCs are derived from

A

Monocytes

63
Q

Classical DCs, pDCs and Langerhans cells develop from

A

Directly from stem cells

64
Q

How do DCs aquire Ags

A

Receptor mediate endocytosis/pinocytosis

65
Q

Activated DCs secrete

A

Cytokines

66
Q

Classical DCs reside where and migrate where

A

Skin, mucosa, organ parenchyma.

Migrate to LNs where they display Ags to T cells

67
Q

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) function

A

Early cellular responders to viral infection

Recognize nucleic acid of intracellular viruses and produce soluble interferons (IFN-a/b)

Immunology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions