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Anatomy > Test 5.49.50.51 Foot > Flashcards

Test 5.49.50.51 Foot Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How many tarsals are there? Give names
A
  1. Medial cuneiform
  2. Intermediate cuneiform
  3. Lateral cuneiform
  4. Cuboid
  5. Navicular
  6. Talus
  7. Calcaneus
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2
Q
  1. How many metarsals?
A

5

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3
Q
  1. How many phalanges?
A

14 (1st toe has only 2)

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4
Q
  1. Where are the sesamoid bones located?
A

Medial and lateral are in the tendons of flexor hallucis brevis muscle, on head of first metarsal

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5
Q
  1. Bones of hindfoot? Midfoot? Forefoot? Ball of foot?
A

Hindfoot = calcaneus, talus
Midfoot = cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms
Forefoot = phalanges and metatarsals
Ball of foot = sesamoid of 1st met and head of 2nd met

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6
Q
  1. Know significance of fractures of tarsal bones
A

Notepool

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7
Q
  1. How is the skin on the dorsal surface of the foot?
A

Thin and loose

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8
Q
  1. The deep fascia is continuous of what?
A

Crural fascia and fascia of the plantar surface of foot

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9
Q
  1. Thickening of the deep fascia forms what? What parts comprise this structure? Give the attachments for two of these parts
A

Forms inferior extensor retinaculum
Stem (frondiform ligament)
Superomedial limb – attaches at the anterior surface of medial malleolus
Inferomedial limb – attaches by blending with the plantar fascia

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10
Q
  1. Give the four cutaneous nerves of the foot; draw their spatial relationship to each other.
A

Saphenous nerve
Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve

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11
Q
  1. Where is the saphenous nerve located on the foot? How far does it go?
A

Medial side of foot, 1st metatarsal

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12
Q
  1. The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve is a continuation of what nerve?
A

Sural nerve into foot

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13
Q
  1. What branches does the superficial peroneal nerve give off in the foot? What does it supply?
A

Medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

Supplies middle part of the dorsum of the foot

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14
Q
  1. What does the deep peroneal nerve supply in the foot?
A

Skin between 1st and 2nd toes

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15
Q
  1. Tendons and muscles (of both leg and foot) are?
A

Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis

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16
Q
  1. What tendon(s) does the extensor digitorum longus provide? What side?
A

One tendon for each of the lateral four toes

Dorsal expansion over toes

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17
Q
  1. What is the only intrinsic muscle of dorsum of foot? Where does it extend?
A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extends toe 2-4

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18
Q
  1. The extensor hallucis brevis is part of what muscle?
A

Extensor digitorum brevis

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19
Q
  1. Draw the arteries of the foot:
    a. Lateral and medial tarsal
    b. Arcuate
    Branches of dorsal metatarsal arteries, dorsal digital arteries
    (know what is the exception(s)
    Perforating arteries
    c. Deep plantar artery
    d. First dorsal metatarsal artery
A

drawing

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20
Q
  1. What do the perforating arteries connect?
A

Dorsal metatarsal arteries with the deep plantar arch

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21
Q
  1. What are the terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis?
A

Deep plantar artery and first dorsal metatarsal artery

22
Q
  1. Where does the deep plantar artery go and what does it join with?
A

Goes to plantar side and joins with deep plantar arch of the lateral plantar artery

23
Q
  1. What does the first dorsal metatarsal artery give rise to?
A

Three dorsal digital arteries

24
Q
  1. The dorsal venous arch is made up of?
A

Dorsal metatarsal veins (4)

Dorsal digital veins

25
Q
  1. Medial dorsal digital vein is part of which toe? And the lateral dorsal digital vein?
A

Medial dorsal digital vein of the 1st toe

Lateral dorsal digital vein of the 5th toe

26
Q 
26.	Draw these veins in relation to one another:
Dorsal venous arch (including branches)
Medial dorsal digital vein 
Lateral digital dorsal digital 
Medial and lateral marginal veins
Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein
A

Drawing

27
Q
  1. What is the cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the foot? Draw it too
A 
Saphenous nerve
Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
Calcaneal branches of tibial nerve
Medial plantar nerve 
Lateral plantar nerve
28
Q
  1. The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve is a continuation of?
A

Sural nerve

29
Q
  1. What branches of the tibial nerve supply the heel area?
A

Calcaneal branches

30
Q
  1. What does the medial plantar nerve supply?
A

Medial 3 ½ digits

31
Q
  1. What does the lateral plantar nerve supply?
A

Lateral 1 ½ digits

32
Q
  1. What is the flexor retinaculum?
A

Thickening of the plantar fascia

33
Q
  1. What is the plantar aponeurosis? Describe two characteristics of it
A

Central part of plantar fascia

Very thick and strong, longitudinally arranged fibers

34
Q
  1. Give two functions of the plantar aponeurosis
A

Helps to support longitudinally arranged fibers

Prevent foot injury

35
Q
  1. Where does the Plantar Aponeurosis extend? Divides into how many slips? How does it divide the foot into compartments?
A

From calcaneus to the toes
Divides into three compartments
Vertical septa from it divide the foot into medial, lateral, and central compartments

36
Q
  1. What do the four layers of intrinsic muscles of the foot do?
A

Help to maintain balance and support arches of foot

37
Q
  1. Give the name of the muscles of the first layer. What are the attachments for the first layer muscles of the foot?
A

a. Abductor hallucis Tuberosity of calcaneous – base of 1st
proximal phalanx
b. Flexor digitorum brevis Tuberosity of calcaneous –
middle phalanx of lateral 4 toes
c. Abductor digiti minimi Tuberosity of calcaneous – base
of 5th proximal phalanx

38
Q
  1. Give the name of the muscles/tendons; and attachments (if stated) for the 2nd layer
A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Quadratus plantae: calcaneus – tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
Lumbrical muscles: tendon of flexor digitorum longus – flexor sheath of lateral 4 toes

39
Q
  1. Give the names of the muscles/tendons of the third layer; and their attachments
A

a. Flexor digiti minimi brevis: base of 5th plantar metatarsal – 5th proximal phalanx
b. Adductor hallucis
i. Oblique head: base of met. 2-4 – base 1st proximal phalanx
ii. Transverse head: MP joint ligaments – base 1st proximal phalanx
c. Flexor hallucis brevis: cuboid – base 1st proximal phalanx

40
Q
  1. Give the muscles/tendons of the fourth layer; and attachments if stated
A

Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon
Plantar interossei muscles (3): Base metatarsals 3-5 – base proximal phalanx of toes 3-5Dorsal interossei muscles (4): Adjacent sides 1-5 metatarsals – proximal phalanx of toes 2-4

41
Q 
41.	Draw the following nerves and their spatial relationships:
Tibial nerve
Medial calcaneal n.
Medial plantar n. 
Common plantar digital n.
Two proper plantar digital nerves
Lateral plantar nerve
Sural
Saphenous
A

Drawing

42
Q
  1. The medial calcaneal supplies what?
A

Sensory innervation to the heel

43
Q
  1. The medial plantar nerve is how big relative to lateral plantar nerve?
    Between what muscle layers?
    Passes deep to what muscle?
    Supplies?
A

Larger than the lateral plantar nerve
Between 1st and 2nd layer
Passes deep to the abductor hallucis brevis

Supplies cutaneous branch to 3 ½ digits 
Medial plantar nerve also supplies motor branches to:
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
1st lumbrical
44
Q
  1. Lateral plantar nerve passes deep to?
    Provides cutaneous branches to?
    Provides how many common plantar digital nerves?
    Provides motor branches to?
A

Passes deep to the abductor hallucis
Lateral 1 ½ digits
One common plantar digital nerve
Provides motor branches to all intrinsic muscles except the four of the medial plantar nerve

45
Q
  1. Where does the sural nerve provide innervation to?
A

Sensory to lateral margin of foot and lateral side of 5th toe

46
Q
  1. What is the saphenous nerve a branch of? Supplies?
A

Femoral nerve

Sensory to medial side of foot

47
Q
  1. Draw and name the arteries of the sole of the foot
A

Drawing of

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

48
Q
  1. What do the two branches of the posterior tibial provide blood to? Anastomoses?
A

Plantar muscles

With arteries on dorsum of foot

49
Q
  1. Medial plantar artery passes through what muscles? Supplies?
A

Abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis

Supplies medial side of great toe (first proper plantar digital artery)

50
Q
  1. What is the course of the lateral plantar artery? Where does it pass to the medial side? Forms?
A

Obliquely across foot to lateral side
At base of 5th metatarsal passes to medial side
Than forms deep plantar arch

51
Q
  1. What does the lateral plantar artery join with on the medial side? To make?
A

On medial side it joins with the deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis to complete deep plantar arch

52
Q
  1. Draw the following arteries showing their relation to one another
A 
Medial plantar artery
Lateral plantar artery 
Deep plantar arch 
Deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis 
Deep plantar’s branches all the way to their terminus

Anatomy (10 decks)

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