Test 5 Foot Joints

Question 1

1. What are the arches made by? Function? Kinds of arches?

Answer 1

Formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the foot
Add to weight bearing, resilience, shock absorption, and propelling of the lower during walking
Consist of the longitudinal and transverse arches

Question 2

2. How does the medial longitudinal arch compare in hierarchy and value?
   Consists of which bones?
   Supported by?

Answer 2

Higher and more important than the lateral longitudinal arch
Consist of calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and the three medial metatarsals
Supported by the spring (calcaneonavicular) ligament and the plantar aponeurosis

Question 3

3. How does the lateral longitudinal arch compare in shape to the medial arch?
   What does it do during standing?
   Bones?
   Arch supported by?

Answer 3

Flatter than the medial arch
During standing it rests on the ground
Consists of the calcaneus, cuboid, and the lateral two metatarsals
The arch is supported by the long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, and plantar aponeurosis

Question 4

4. The transverse arch is formed by?

Answer 4

Cuboid, three cuneiforms, and bases of all metatarsals

Question 5

5. What bones makes up the ankle (talocrural) joint?
   Type?
   Give three ligaments
   Action of the ankle joint?

Answer 5

a. Trochlea of talus
Tibia
Fibula
b. Ginglymus or hinge type of synovial joint
c. Articular capsule, deltoid ligament, lateral ligament
d. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 6

6. What does the articular capsule surround? Describe thickness? Where is it strong?

Answer 6

Surrounds joint cavity
Thin anteriorly and posteriorly
Strong medially and laterally where it is strengthened by the deltoid ligament and lateral ligament.

Question 7

7. The deltoid ligament is located where? Shape and strength?

Answer 7

Located on medial side of the joint with 4 distinct bands

Very strong triangular band of ligaments

Question 8

8. The lateral ligament has how many bands?
   Location?
   Strength compared to deltoid ligament

Answer 8

Three distinct bands
Located on lateral side of ankle joint
Weaker than the deltoid ligament

Question 9

9. What is the range of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint? Stability?
   Of the plantar flexion?

Answer 9

Dorsiflexion up to 35 degrees, joint stable when dorsiflexed
Plantar flexion range up to 55 degrees, ankle joint unstable when plantar flexed.

Question 10

10. The subtalar joint (Talocalcaneal) is what type of joint?
    How are these bones arranged here?
    Allows what action?

Answer 10

Plane type of synovial joint
Talus rests on calcaneus
Allows for inversion and eversion

Question 11

11. What are the other tarsal joints’ type of joint? Permit?

Answer 11

Plane, gliding type synovial joints

Permit inversion and eversion of the foot

Question 12

12. What type of joint are the tarsometatarsal joints? What does it consist of?

Answer 12

Plane type of synovial joint

Four anterior tarsal bones with the bases of the metatarsals

Question 13

13. What type of joint are the intermetatarsal joints? Permit? Articulation?

Answer 13

Plane type of synovial joint
Permits slight gliding movements
Articulation between the bases of the metatarsals

Question 14

14. What type of joint are the metatarsal phalangeal (MP) joints? Permits? Articulation?

Answer 14

Condyloid type of synovial joint
Permits flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation
Articulation between the heads of the metatarsals and the bases of the proximal phalanges

Question 15

15. Interphalangeal (IP) joints is what type of joint? Permits?

Answer 15

Hinge type of synovial joint

Permits flexion and extension

Question 16

16. What is the most frequently injured major joint? What type of injury is the most usual and what does it do?

Answer 16

Ankle joint

Usually an inversion injury will cause damage to lateral ligaments

Question 17

17. What is Potts fracture? Results in?

Answer 17

When foot forcefully everted

Often results in fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli, and fibula