Test 05.52 Hip Joint Knee Joint Flashcards
- What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball-and-socket synovial joint
- The head of the femur articulates where?
Fossa of acetabulum
- What is the head of the femur covered with? Exception?
Articular cartilage
Except over fovea capitis femoris
- What is the articular surface of acetabulum and what is it covered by?
Lunate surface covered with cartilage
- Where is the acetabular notch located?
Inferomedial part of acetabulum
- What does the floor of the acetabulum have?
Fibroelastic mass (no cartilage)
- What does the zona orbicularis consist of?
Thicker superior anterior parts; Thinner inferior posterior parts
Fibers circular and longitudinal
Circular fibers along neck of femur
8. iIiofemoral (Iliotrochanteric) ligament is known as what compared to other hip joint ligaments? How is it shaped? Where does it lie? Apex and base attached to? Checks what action? Helps with what action?
Largest, strongest, widest
Triangular in shape (inverted Y)
Lies in front of joint
Apex attached to AIIS, Base to intertrochanteric line
Checks hyperextension and external rotation
Helps keep erect posture
9. The ischiofemoral (ischiocapsular) ligament How is it arranged? Attaches where? Fibers travel how and where? Tenses during? Checks?
Spiral arrangement
Attached to body of ischium below and behind acetabulum
Fibers go up and laterally to attach to the femoral neck below the greater trochanter
Becomes tense during extension of femur
Checks hyperextension and internal rotation
- How is the ligament capitis femoris shaped?
Attaches where?
Lies where? Covered by?
Tenses during?
Flat and triangular shaped
Attaches to fovea capitis femoris and by its base to the transverse ligament
Lies within joint covered by synovial membrane
Tenses when flexed thigh is adducted
- What is the acetabular labrum?
Fibrocarilaginous rim attached to the margin of acetabulum
- What is the transverse acetabular ligament, what does it not contain?
Continuation of acetabular labrum across the acetabular notch
Contains no cartilage cells
- Where is the synovial membrane? Attaches? Covers?
Lines articular capsule
Attached to margins of acetabular surfaces
Covers the part of neck of femur located in the joint capsule.
- What are the arteries in the hip joint derived from?
Obturator
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral give retinacular arteries
1st perforating
- Necrosis of head of femur (avascular necrosis) occurs in what areas? Which one is worst?
Basal fracture at base of neck usually does not lead to necrosis of head
Subcapital fracture breaks vessels to head and is worse than the former.
- What are the nerves of the hip joint?
Femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, and sciatic
- What distinction does the knee joint possess amongst joints? Structurally resembles?
Largest joint in body but unstable
Structure resembles hinge joint but allows rotation and gliding movement
- What is the joint type between the tibia and femur? What about patella anf femur?
a. Hinge joint, but since rotatory movement allowed it is a condyloid joint.
b. Synovial joint of the plane gliding variety.
- In the knee joint, where does the articulation take place?
What surfaces are covered by cartilage?
To what does the knee joint owes its stability too?
Between the rounded condyles of the femur, condyles of the tibia and in front between the
lower end of femur and patella
Articular surfaces of femur, tibia, and patella covered with cartilage
Knee joint is weak so stability comes from the associated ligaments and muscles
- Articular capsule’s strength and completeness? Attaches? What does it do on the lateral side? What is the fibrous capsule strengthened by?
a. Fairly strong
Incomplete at places where it is replaced by tendons surrounding muscles
b. Attached to margins of articular surfaces
c. On lateral side, it allows tendon of popliteus muscle to go through
d. Strengthen by ligaments of the joints
- What encloses the patella? What is this structure in between?
Quadriceps tendon
Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
- Where does the patellar ligament stretch? What is lies over and under it?
Patella to tuberosity of tibia
Infrapatellar bursa
- What kind of structure does the fibular collateral ligament have?
Covered by which tendon?
What does this tendon do?
Extends?
Unattached to which meniscus?
What is deep to the fibular collateral ligament?
a. Rounded cord-like structure
b. Covered by tendon of biceps femoris
c. Biceps tendon divides to go on both sides of ligament
d. Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
e. Unattached to lateral meniscus
f. Tendon of popliteus muscle is deep to it
- Describe the appearance of the tibial collateral ligament
What crosses it?
Where does it extend?
Firmly attached to?
What actions do both collateral ligaments perform?
a. Broad, flat band
b. Crossed by tendons of Sartorius, gracilis, and Sartorius
c. Extends from medial epicondyle of the femur (below adductor tubercle) to the medial surface of tibia
d. Firmly attached to medial meniscus
e. Both collateral ligaments become tight during extension and stabilize the knee joint
- The oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of?
Role?
Fibers come directly from where to where?
Form what part of which fossa?
It is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus muscle
Strengthens posterior aspect of the joint capsule
Fibers go from medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
Forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa
- Where does the arcuate popliteal ligament arch?
Arches medially over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia and to the fibular head
- What is the coronary ligament and where does it attach to?
Deep fibers of the capsule attached to menisci
- What are the five ligaments that are within the capsule that attach tibia to the femur?
Transverse ligament Anterior and posterior meniscofemoral Cruciate ligaments a. Anterior cruciate (ACL) b. Posterior cruciate
- What does the transverse ligament connect and where?
Is it always there?
Connect the two menisci anteriorly
Often absent
- How do the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral travel and from where to where?
Travel obliquely from the lateral menisci to the medial femoral condyle
- How is the ACL compare to the PCL?
Where does it travel?
Role?
Longer but weaker
Anterior interchondral fossa to lateral condyle of femur
Stops hyperextension at the knee
- How does the PCL compare to the ACL? Travels? Role?
Shorter and stronger
From posterior interchondral fossa to the medial condyle of femur
Stops hyperflexion at the knee
- How are the menisci of the knee joint shaped?
Interposed between?
Two menisci are attached to?
What is the peripheral area like and what ligament attached them to the capsule?
Inner surface thick/thin?
Function?
a. Two menisci are C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage that are interposed between femoral and tibial condyles
b. Two menisci are attached to the tibial condyles
c. The peripheral area is thick attached to capsule via coronary ligament
d. Inner surface is thin
e. Function is to deepen articular surfaces
- The synovial membrane lines?
Attached to?
• Lines the articular capsule
• It is attached to the margins of articular surfaces and to the peripheral edges of the menisci
and articular surfaces
- What lines the articular capsule in the knee? Attached?
Synovial Membrane, peripheral edges of menisci
- What is the nerve supply for the knee joint?
Femoral, obturator, common peroneal, and tibial
- Blood supply of the knee joint is? Which one penestrates the capsule? For?
Genicular anastomosis
Midddle genicular artery penetrates the capsule and supplies intercondylar structures
- What muscles associated with the knee joint are involved in flexion? And extension?
Flexion with biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
Extension with quadriceps femoris
- What happens with a bankers cyst?
Synovial fluid escaped into popliteal fossa
- This is the most common form of knee injuries
Ligaments sprains
- Unhappy triad is when?
medial, collateral ligament, and medial meniscus, and ACL all torn
- The anterior and posterior drawer signs are?
Anterior – ACL tear (i.e. skin accident)
Posterior – PCL tear (i.e. car accident)
- What is genu varum? Genu valgrum?
Bow leg
Knock knee
- Bursitis may affect how many bursae around the knee joint? How many communicate?
12 bursae
4 communicate with the knee joint
