Test 05.46.47 Leg I II

Question 1

1.	Draw and label the following on the Tibia:
Condyles
Soleal line
Intercondylar eminence
Medial malleolus
Tibial tuberosity

Answer 1

drawing

Question 2

2. Draw and label the following parts on the fibular:
   Head
   Neck
   Lateral malleolus

Answer 2

drawing

Question 3

3. What connects the tibia and fibula together?

Answer 3

Interosseous membrane

Question 4

4. What are the levels for the saphenous nerve? Branch of? Supply?

Answer 4

Saphenous n. (L3,L4)
Branch off femoral n.
Skin on the medial side of the leg

Question 5

5. What are the four kinds of sural nerves? What do they branch from?

Answer 5

Medial sural cutaneous nerve: branch of tibial nerve
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve: branch of common peroneal nerve
Sural communicating nerve: Branch of lateral sural cutaneous
Joins with medial sural cutaneous
Sural nerve: formed by medial sural and communicating sural cutaneous nerve converging

Question 6

6. What is the superficial peronea n. a branch of? Courses which compartment? Supplies?

Answer 6

Branch of common peroneal nerve
Lateral compartment
Skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot

Question 7

7. Where does the great saphenous vein begin and ascend? Drains into? Where does it contain more valves?

Answer 7

Begins at foot, ascends medial leg
Femoral vein
10-12 valves with more in leg

Question 8

8. Where does the small saphenous vein begin and ascend? Drains into?

Answer 8

Begins lateral side of foot, ascends posterior medial leg

Drains into popliteal vein

Question 9

9. What is the crural fascia a continuation of? Attached? Gives rise to?

Answer 9

Continuation of fascia lata inferior to knee
Attached to anterior and medial borders of tibia
Gives rise to:
Anterior intermuscular(crural) septum
Posterior intermuscular (crural) septum
Transverse intermuscular (crural) septum
Superior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum

Question 10

10. What are the three compartments of the leg? Formed by?

Answer 10

Anterior, Lateral, Posterior

Intermuscular septa attached to fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 11

11. What is Anterior Compartment’s action? Relative location? Muscles pass what structure?

Answer 11

Dorsiflexor (extensor) compartment
Located anterior to IO membrane, between anterior intermuscular septa and tibia
Muscles pass anterior to ankle joint

Question 12

12. The anterior compartment muscles’ perform what action, and on which structures?

Answer 12

Dorsiflexor of ankle and extensors of the toes

Question 13

13. Know clinical significance of tibialis anterior strain

Answer 13

Shin splits

Strongest dorsiflexor

Question 14

14. Give the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 14

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius

Question 15

15. Give attachments for tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius

Answer 15

Tibialis Anterior: tibia and IO membrance – med. Cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Extensor Hallucis Longus: Fibula and IO membrane – distal phalanx 1st toe
Extensor digitorum: Tibula, fibula, and IO memrbrane – middle and distal phalanges toe 2-5
Peroneus tertius: Fibula and IO membrane -5th metatarsal base

Question 16

16. Give the nerve of Anterior compartment

Answer 16

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 17

17. What is the main artery in the anterior chamber and what it give rise to?

Answer 17

Anterior tibial artery’s branches:
Tibial recurrent
Anterior medial malleolar 
Anterior lateral malleolar
Dorsal pedis

Question 18

18. What is the anterior tibial artery a branch of? How does it enter the anterior compartment?

Answer 18

Branch of popliteal artery

Enters anterior comp by passing through superior part of IO membrane

Question 19

19. The dorsal pedis is a continuation of? When does it change its name?

Answer 19

Anterior tibial artery changes at ankle joint to become dorsalis pedis

Question 20

20. What is compartment syndrome caused by? What happens?

Answer 20

Caused by trauma to muscles of anterior compartment
Bleeding leads to increased pressure in the compartment causing compression of other structures
Ischemia and nerve damage

Question 21

21. What would injury to the common peroneal nerve cause?

Answer 21

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral compartment muscles

Question 22

22. What action does the lateral compartment do? Boundaries?

Answer 22

Eversion

Bounded by fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa, and deep fascia

Question 23

23. What are the muscles of the lateral compartment? Give their attachments

Answer 23

Peroneus longus: lateral fibula – Base 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Peroneus brevis: lateral fibula – tuberosity 5th metatarsal

Question 24

24. Give the nerves of the lateral compartment

Answer 24

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 25

25. What are the arteries of the lateral compartment?

Answer 25

Branches of the peroneal artery (from posterior comp)

Branches of the anterior tibial artery (from anterior comp)

Question 26

26. What action does the posterior compartment perform? What kind of compartment is it? What is it divided into by what? What is the nerve and vessel?

Answer 26

Plantar flexion and inversion of foot
Flexor compartment
Divided into superficial and deep compartments by transversae intermuscular septum
Nerve: tibial n
Artery: Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

Question 27

27. Give 8 muscles of the posterior compartment

Answer 27

1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
3. Triceps surae
4. Plantaris
5. Popliteus
6. Flexor hallucis longus
7. Flexor digitorum longus
8. Tibialis posterior

Question 28

28. What are the attachments for the following?
29. Gastrocnemius
30. Soleus
31. Triceps surae
32. Plantaris
33. Popliteus
34. Flexor hallucis longus
35. Flexor digitorum longus
36. Tibialis posterior

Answer 28

1. Gastrocnemius: lateral and medial condyles of femur – calcaneus
2. Soleus: fibula: soleal line of tibia – calcaneus
3. Tricep surae: Gastrocnemius and soleus together
4. Plantaris: lateral supracondylar line of femur – calcaneus
5. Popliteus: lateral condyle of femur – superior to soleal line of tibia
6. Flexor hallucis longus: fibular and IO membrane – base of 1st distal phalanx
7. Flexor digitorum longus: tibia inferior to soleal line to soleal line – bases distal phalanges toe 2-5
8. Tibialis posterior: tibia, fibula, and IO membrane – navicular cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2-4 metatarsals

Question 29

29. Action of gastrocnemius?

Answer 29

Flex leg at the knee joint

Plantar flex foot

Question 30

30. Action of soleus?

Answer 30

Anti-gravity muscle
No action on knee
Fibers continuously active during standing

Question 31

31. Action of triceps surae? What is characteristic of it among animals?

Answer 31

Generate 95% of plantar flexion force

Large size human characteristic

Question 32

32. What kind of muscle is the plantaris?

Answer 32

Organ of proprioception

Question 33

33. Role of popliteus?

Answer 33

Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur 5 degrees

Question 34

34. Nerve of posterior compartment and its levels?

Answer 34

Tibial nerve (L4 – S3)

Question 35

35. Arteries in posterior compartment? (main one and gives off branches)

Answer 35

1. Circumflex fibular
2. Peroneal
   a) Perforating branch of peroneal
   b) Communicating artery
   c) Posterior lateral malleolar artery
   d) Posterior lateral calcaneal artery
3. Nutrient
4. Muscular
5. Posterior medial malleolar
6. Communicating
7. Medial calcaneal (posterior)
8. Medial plantar
9. Lateral plantar

Question 36

36. Know venous return in this compartment

Answer 36

drawing