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Anatomy > Test 05.46.47 Leg I II > Flashcards

Test 05.46.47 Leg I II Flashcards

1
Q 
1.	Draw and label the following on the Tibia:
Condyles
Soleal line
Intercondylar eminence
Medial malleolus
Tibial tuberosity
A

drawing

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2
Q
  1. Draw and label the following parts on the fibular:
    Head
    Neck
    Lateral malleolus
A

drawing

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3
Q
  1. What connects the tibia and fibula together?
A

Interosseous membrane

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4
Q
  1. What are the levels for the saphenous nerve? Branch of? Supply?
A

Saphenous n. (L3,L4)
Branch off femoral n.
Skin on the medial side of the leg

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5
Q
  1. What are the four kinds of sural nerves? What do they branch from?
A

Medial sural cutaneous nerve: branch of tibial nerve
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve: branch of common peroneal nerve
Sural communicating nerve: Branch of lateral sural cutaneous
Joins with medial sural cutaneous
Sural nerve: formed by medial sural and communicating sural cutaneous nerve converging

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6
Q
  1. What is the superficial peronea n. a branch of? Courses which compartment? Supplies?
A

Branch of common peroneal nerve
Lateral compartment
Skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot

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7
Q
  1. Where does the great saphenous vein begin and ascend? Drains into? Where does it contain more valves?
A

Begins at foot, ascends medial leg
Femoral vein
10-12 valves with more in leg

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8
Q
  1. Where does the small saphenous vein begin and ascend? Drains into?
A

Begins lateral side of foot, ascends posterior medial leg

Drains into popliteal vein

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9
Q
  1. What is the crural fascia a continuation of? Attached? Gives rise to?
A 
Continuation of fascia lata inferior to knee
Attached to anterior and medial borders of tibia
Gives rise to:
Anterior intermuscular(crural) septum
Posterior intermuscular (crural) septum
Transverse intermuscular (crural) septum
Superior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
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10
Q
  1. What are the three compartments of the leg? Formed by?
A

Anterior, Lateral, Posterior

Intermuscular septa attached to fibula and interosseous membrane

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11
Q
  1. What is Anterior Compartment’s action? Relative location? Muscles pass what structure?
A

Dorsiflexor (extensor) compartment
Located anterior to IO membrane, between anterior intermuscular septa and tibia
Muscles pass anterior to ankle joint

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12
Q
  1. The anterior compartment muscles’ perform what action, and on which structures?
A

Dorsiflexor of ankle and extensors of the toes

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13
Q
  1. Know clinical significance of tibialis anterior strain
A

Shin splits

Strongest dorsiflexor

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14
Q
  1. Give the four muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius

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15
Q
  1. Give attachments for tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius
A

Tibialis Anterior: tibia and IO membrance – med. Cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Extensor Hallucis Longus: Fibula and IO membrane – distal phalanx 1st toe
Extensor digitorum: Tibula, fibula, and IO memrbrane – middle and distal phalanges toe 2-5
Peroneus tertius: Fibula and IO membrane -5th metatarsal base

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16
Q
  1. Give the nerve of Anterior compartment
A

Deep peroneal nerve

17
Q
  1. What is the main artery in the anterior chamber and what it give rise to?
A 
Anterior tibial artery’s branches:
Tibial recurrent
Anterior medial malleolar 
Anterior lateral malleolar
Dorsal pedis
18
Q
  1. What is the anterior tibial artery a branch of? How does it enter the anterior compartment?
A

Branch of popliteal artery

Enters anterior comp by passing through superior part of IO membrane

19
Q
  1. The dorsal pedis is a continuation of? When does it change its name?
A

Anterior tibial artery changes at ankle joint to become dorsalis pedis

20
Q
  1. What is compartment syndrome caused by? What happens?
A

Caused by trauma to muscles of anterior compartment
Bleeding leads to increased pressure in the compartment causing compression of other structures
Ischemia and nerve damage

21
Q
  1. What would injury to the common peroneal nerve cause?
A

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral compartment muscles

22
Q
  1. What action does the lateral compartment do? Boundaries?
A

Eversion

Bounded by fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa, and deep fascia

23
Q
  1. What are the muscles of the lateral compartment? Give their attachments
A

Peroneus longus: lateral fibula – Base 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Peroneus brevis: lateral fibula – tuberosity 5th metatarsal

24
Q
  1. Give the nerves of the lateral compartment
A

Superficial peroneal nerve

25
Q
  1. What are the arteries of the lateral compartment?
A

Branches of the peroneal artery (from posterior comp)

Branches of the anterior tibial artery (from anterior comp)

26
Q
  1. What action does the posterior compartment perform? What kind of compartment is it? What is it divided into by what? What is the nerve and vessel?
A

Plantar flexion and inversion of foot
Flexor compartment
Divided into superficial and deep compartments by transversae intermuscular septum
Nerve: tibial n
Artery: Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

27
Q
  1. Give 8 muscles of the posterior compartment
A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Triceps surae
  4. Plantaris
  5. Popliteus
  6. Flexor hallucis longus
  7. Flexor digitorum longus
  8. Tibialis posterior
28
Q
  1. What are the attachments for the following?
  2. Gastrocnemius
  3. Soleus
  4. Triceps surae
  5. Plantaris
  6. Popliteus
  7. Flexor hallucis longus
  8. Flexor digitorum longus
  9. Tibialis posterior
A
  1. Gastrocnemius: lateral and medial condyles of femur – calcaneus
  2. Soleus: fibula: soleal line of tibia – calcaneus
  3. Tricep surae: Gastrocnemius and soleus together
  4. Plantaris: lateral supracondylar line of femur – calcaneus
  5. Popliteus: lateral condyle of femur – superior to soleal line of tibia
  6. Flexor hallucis longus: fibular and IO membrane – base of 1st distal phalanx
  7. Flexor digitorum longus: tibia inferior to soleal line to soleal line – bases distal phalanges toe 2-5
  8. Tibialis posterior: tibia, fibula, and IO membrane – navicular cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2-4 metatarsals
29
Q
  1. Action of gastrocnemius?
A

Flex leg at the knee joint

Plantar flex foot

30
Q
  1. Action of soleus?
A

Anti-gravity muscle
No action on knee
Fibers continuously active during standing

31
Q
  1. Action of triceps surae? What is characteristic of it among animals?
A

Generate 95% of plantar flexion force

Large size human characteristic

32
Q
  1. What kind of muscle is the plantaris?
A

Organ of proprioception

33
Q
  1. Role of popliteus?
A

Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur 5 degrees

34
Q
  1. Nerve of posterior compartment and its levels?
A

Tibial nerve (L4 – S3)

35
Q
  1. Arteries in posterior compartment? (main one and gives off branches)
A
  1. Circumflex fibular
  2. Peroneal
    a) Perforating branch of peroneal
    b) Communicating artery
    c) Posterior lateral malleolar artery
    d) Posterior lateral calcaneal artery
  3. Nutrient
  4. Muscular
  5. Posterior medial malleolar
  6. Communicating
  7. Medial calcaneal (posterior)
  8. Medial plantar
  9. Lateral plantar
36
Q
  1. Know venous return in this compartment
A

drawing

Anatomy (10 decks)

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