Test 05.44 Gluteal Region Flashcards
- What week do the upper limbs develop? What level are they?
4th week
C5-T1 level
- When do the lower limbs develop? What level?
5th week
L2-S2
- When do the upper/lower limbs rotate? What direction?
7th week
Upper laterally
Lower medially
- What is the difference between the pelvic girdle and the bony pelvis?
The pelvic girdle is the 2 hip bones together, whereas the bony pelvis includes the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx bound together by ligaments.
- What does the ala(wing) of the Illium provide attachment for? Which side?
Laterally: gluteal muscles
Medial: iliacus muscle
- From where to where does the iliac crest run?
Superiorly up to L4 level (disc b/n 4th/5th L) ->
Extends from ASIS to PSIS
- Draw the iliacus labeling the following:
- Body
- Iliac fossa (concavity in the ala)
- Superior 2/5 of acetabulum
- Iliac crest :
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
- Posterior inferior iliac spine
- Greater sciatic notch
- Auricular surface
- Gluteal lines
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
- Draw the Ischium with the following parts labeled:
- Body
Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Greater sciatic notch - Ramus
- Draw the pubis and label the following parts:
- Body
Symphysis pubis Pubic crest Pubic tubercle
2. Superior ramus Pectin line (pectin pubis)
- Inferior ramus
obturator crestobturator foramen acetabulum
- What does the PSIS serve as an attachment point for?
The posterior sacroiliac ligament
- What does the auricular surface articulates with?
Sacrum
- What 3 things form the sciatic foramen?
Greater sciatic noth
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
- Name the structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen
a. Piriformis muscle
b. Superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
c. Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
d. Sciatic nerve
e. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
f. Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
g. Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
- What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Tendon of obturator internus
Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
- What makes up the superficial layer of gluteal muscles? What is their action?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Mostly extensors and abductors of thigh
- For the gluteus maximus give the origin and insertion
Origin – sacrotuberous ligament, ilium (posterior to posterior gluteal line), sacrum and coccyx
Insertion – gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
- For the gluteus maximus give the action, nerve, and blood vessels
Action: Extension and lateral rotation of thigh
Rising from sitting
Nerve: Inferior gluteal
Blood: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- Give the gluteus medius’ origin and insertion
Origin – ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line
Insertion – Gr. Trochanter
- What is the gluteus medius’ action, nerve, and blood vessel?
Action: Abduction/medial rotation of thigh
Prevent sagging (w/ gluteus minimus)
Nerve: Superior gluteal
Blood: Superior gluteal artery
- What is the gluteus minimus’ origin and insertion?
Origin: ilium b/n anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter
- What is the gluteus minimus’ action, nerve, and blood vessel?
Action: Abduction and medial rotation
Nerve: Superior gluteal
Blood: Superior gluteal artery
- What is the sacral plexus covered by?
Internal iliac artery
- What does the sacral plexus lie over?
Ant. Surface of piriformis m.
- What do the branches of the sacral plexus pass through?
Greater sciatic foramen
- What is the sacral plexus formed by?
Ventral primary rami of lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5), (S1-S4)
- What kinds of fibers contribute to the sacral plexus? From what chain?
It receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lower end of sympathetic chain
- What does the sacral plexus provide innervation for?
Gluteal region
Posterior thigh
Entire leg
Entire foot
- What are the nerves of the posterior division of the sacral plexus?
Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Nerve to piriformis Common peroneal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous (partly)
- What is the level of the superior gluteal nerve? What would be affected by its injury?
L4-S1
Affects gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae m’s
- What level is the inferior gluteal nerve? What would injury do?
L5-S2
Injury to this nerve would affect gluteus maximus muscle
- What level is the sciatic nerve at? What are its parts and what levels are they? Injury would?
Common peroneal –posterior part (L4, L5, S1,S2)
Tibial –anterior part (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
Injury to sciatic n. would not affect muscles in gluteal region
32. What are the levels for: Nerve to quadratus femoris Nerve to obturator internus Posterior femoral cutaneous Pudendal nerve
- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
- Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous (S1-S3)
- Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
- Where to the gluteal arteries originate from?
Originate directly/indirectly from internal iliac artery
- What does the superior gluteal artery supply?
Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae
- What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
Gluteus maximus and short lateral rotators of thigh
- What does the internal pudendal supply?
Perineal region
- What are the veins of the gluteal region and what do they drain into?
Superior and inferior gluteal veins
Internal pudendal veins
Tributaries of internal iliac vein
- Know region of intragluteal injections
Top right/left of gluteal region
