Test 4 - Study Guide

Question 1

_________- (the number of live births per 1,000 people per year).

Answer 1

crude birthrate

Question 2

_________ is a measure of the number of people who die.

Answer 2

mortality rate

Question 3

Migration may take the form of _________, which describes movement into an area to take up permanent residence, or _________, which refers to movement out of an area to another place of permanent residence

Answer 3

• immigration

- emigration

Question 4

Migration might be _________ (as when college students study abroad), _________ (as when Syrians evacuated war-torn areas), or _________ (as when many Native American tribes were removed from the lands they’d lived in for generations).

Answer 4

• voluntary
• involuntary
• forced

Question 5

_________ : the number of males per 100 females

Answer 5

sex ratio

Question 6

_________ : a picture of population distribution by sex and age

Answer 6

population pyramid

Question 7

_________ : three factors would control human population that exceeded the earth’s carrying capacity,

Answer 7

Malthusian theory

Question 8

Three factors of the Malthusian theory:

-
-famine
-

Answer 8

• war

- disease

Question 9

-Malthusian theory-

_________ : they increase mortality rates, thus keeping the population in check.

Answer 9

positive checks

Question 10

-Malthusian theory-

_________ : control the population but by reducing fertility rates;

Answer 10

preventive checks

Question 11

-Malthusian theory-

preventive checks include _________ control and _________ .

Answer 11

• birth

- celibacy

Question 12

Paul Ehrlich, it is the _________, not specifically the food supply, that will play a crucial role in the continued health of planet’s _________

Answer 12

• environment

- population

Question 13

neo-Malthusian researcher named _________ brought Malthus’s predictions into the twentieth century.

Answer 13

Paul Ehrlich

Question 14

_________ : asserts that human ingenuity can resolve any environmental or social issues that develop

Answer 14

Cornucopian theory

Question 15

_________ : suggests that future population growth will develop along a predictable four-stage model

Answer 15

-Demographic transition theory

Question 16

Four-stages of Demographic transition theory:

Stage 1:
_________, death, and _________ mortality rates are all high, while life expectancy is _________ .

Answer 16

• birth
• infant
• short

Question 17

Four-stages of Demographic transition theory:

As countries begin to _________, they enter Stage 2, where birthrates are _________ while infant mortality and the _________ rates drop. Life expectancy also increases.

Answer 17

• industrialize
• higher
• death

Question 18

Four-stages of Demographic transition theory:

Stage 3 occurs once a society is _________ industrialized; birthrates _________, while life expectancy continues to increase. Death rates continue to _________ .

Answer 18

• thoroughly
• decline
• decrease

Question 19

Four-stages of Demographic transition theory:

Stage 4, we see the _________ era of a society. Birth and death rates are _________, people are healthier and live longer, and society enters a phase of population _________ .

Answer 19

• postindustrial
• low
• stability

Question 20

_________ is the study of the social, political, and economic relationships in cities

Answer 20

Urbanization

Question 21

_________ : communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute in, but far enough away to allow for more space than city living affords.

Answer 21

Suburbs

Question 22

_________ : communities that exist outside the ring of suburbs and are typically populated by even wealthier families who want more space and have the resources to lengthen their commute.

Answer 22

exurbs

Question 23

_________ is a functionalist field of study that looks at on the relationship between people and their built and natural physical environments

Answer 23

Human ecology

Question 24

(NIMBY) = _________

Answer 24

Not In My Back Yard

Question 25

In My Back Yard (NIMBY) movements are more likely to emerge in _________ and upper-class neighborhoods as engaged citizens protest poor _________ practices they fear will affect them,

Answer 25

• middle

- environmental

Question 26

_________ studies the way humans interact with their environments

Answer 26

environmental sociology

Question 27

_________ sociology is a new area in our field and one of significant importance

Answer 27

environmental

Question 28

_________ is the term now used to refer to long-term shifts in temperatures due to human activity and, in particular, the release of greenhouse gases into the environment.

Answer 28

climate change

Question 29

_________ refers to the way in which minority group neighborhoods are burdened with a disproportionate number of hazards, including toxic waste facilities, garbage dumps, and other sources of environmental pollution

Answer 29

Environmental racism

Question 30

_________ noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage.

Answer 30

collective behavior

Question 31

-WHO-

_________ : Emergent Norm Theory

Answer 31

Smelser’s

Question 32

_________ : theory asserts that, in this circumstance, people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their particular (individual) set of norms, which may change as the crowd experience evolves.

Answer 32

Emergent norm

Question 33

Emergent norm theory asserts that, in this circumstance, people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their particular (individual) set of _________, which may _________ as the crowd experience evolves.

Answer 33

• norms

- change

Question 34

_________ : which is another way of explaining some types of Collective behavior

Answer 34

convergent theory

Question 35

_________ movements seek to change something specific about the social structure.

Answer 35

Reform

Question 36

_________ movements seek to completely change every aspect of society.

Answer 36

Revolutionary

Question 37

_________ movements are “meaning seeking,” and their goal is to provoke inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

Answer 37

Religious/Redemptive

Question 38

_________ movements are focused on self- improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior.

Answer 38

Alternative

Question 39

_________ movements seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure. The Ku Klux Klan, the Minutemen, and pro-life movements fall into this category.

Answer 39

Resistance

Question 40

_________ : explanation of how individuals identify and understand social events and which norms they should follow in any given situation

Answer 40

frames

Question 41

“bridging” “amplification” “extension” are ways in which social movements can _________

Answer 41

grow

Question 42

_________ means a complete revision of goals. Once a movement has succeeded, it risks losing relevance.

Answer 42

Transformation

Question 43

Social movements are not _________, but take on some of those qualities over time.

Answer 43

organizations